Reproduction

Testis

Spermatogensis – Be able to outline the process

The role of LH, teststerone and FSH in spermatogenesis

Human Ovary – structure and function

Oogenesis

Draw and label a diagram of a mature sperm and egg

Semen Production – role players 3 main structures play a role Epididymis – storage/holding area where sperm mature and become fully motile Seminal vesicle and prostate gland – produce, store and expel fluid during ejaculation – Fluid mixes with sperm to increase volume of ejaculate; s.v. fluid contains nutrients (including fructose) and mucus (protection); – Fluid from p.g. contains mineral ions, and is alkaline (protection)

Spermatogenesis vs. Oogenesis Guys Millions daily Released during ejaculation Starts during puberty Production continues throughout adult life Four functional gametes per meiosis Girls 1/28 days Released via ovulation Starts prenatally Stops at menopause 1 functional gamete per meiosis

Fertilization

The process of fertilization – acrosomal rxn, sperm penetration, cortical rxn

Hormonal Control of Pregnancy – esp HCG Estrogen and progesterone – needed to stimulate the development of uterine lining throughout pregnancy. Secreted by corpus luteum (c.l.) for first week following fertilization Following implantation embryo secretes HCG = prevents degeneration of c.l. = continued secretion of est. and progest. C.l. degenerates middle of term, placental cells now produce est. and progest. Until end of pregnancy

Outline - Stages of Early Embryological Development

Structure and Function of Placenta

Placenta cont’d The placenta is about 9 inches in length, and about 1 inch thick. It weighs no more than 1 pound. It is a darkish red/blue or marroon color. It connects to the fetus by the umbilical cord. The placenta connects the developing fetal tissues to the uterine wall, supplying the fetus with maternal nutrients. It also produces progesterone and other important pregnancy hormones

Material exchange btw fetal and maternal blood

Fetus – supported and protected by amniotic sac and fluid

Outline – Birth & its hormonal control The process – Role of progesterone – Role of oxytocin (positive feedback example)