Leadership Faisal AlSager Week 10 MGT Principles of Management and Business

Objective ✤ Define leader and leadership ✤ Compare different approaches to defining leadership ✤ View different types of leaders, based on behaviors and traits ✤ Discuss trust as the essence of leadership

Leadership and Leaders ✤ Leadership: the process of leading a group and influencing that group to achieve its goals ✤ Leader: someone who can influence others and who has managerial authority

Research Approaches of Defining Leadership ApproachHow? The Trait ApproachKey traits that separate leaders from their peers The Behavior ApproachTo understand what managers and leaders do while on the job and to ascertain which of these behaviors reflect effective versus ineffective leadership The Situational ApproachAscertain what contextual intervening variables exist that influence leadership outcomes The Power-Influence Approach- Focuses on influence processes that flows from leader to subordinates- Views leadership as primarily a phenomenon of influence The Integrative ApproachUsage of the above 4 approaches in any combination within a research study Source: Bird, Allan, Martha L. Maznevski, Mark E. Mendenhall, Gary R. Oddou, and Joyce S. Osland. "Leadership and the Birth of Global Leadership." Global Leadership: Research, Practice, and Development. London [u.a.: Routledge, Print.

Leadership Behaviors ✤ According to the University of Iowa leadership behaviors (or styles) are: 1. Autocratic Style: a leader who centralize authority, dictates work methods, makes unilateral decisions, and limits employee participation 2. Democratic Style: a leader who involves employees in decision making, delegates authority, encourages participation in deciding work methods, and uses feedback to coach employees 3. Laissez-Faire Style: a leader who generally gives employees complete freedom to make decisions and to complete their work however they see fit

Different Leaders ✤ According to University of Michigan: ✤ Employee Oriented: a leader who emphasizes the people aspects ✤ Production Oriented: a leader who emphasizes the technical or task aspects ✤ Transactional Leaders: leaders who lead primarily by using social exchanges (or transactions) ✤ Transformational Leaders: leaders who stimulate and inspire (transform) followers to achieve extraordinary outcomes

Different Leaders ✤ Charismatic Leaders: enthusiastic, self-confident leaders whose personalities and actions influence people to behave in certain ways ✤ Visionary Leadership: the ability to create articulate a realistic, credible, and attractive vision of the future that improves on the present situation

Global Leadership Competency Assessment Instruments ✤ There are two main models (instruments) used to assess global leader competencies; they are: 1. Global Competencies Inventory (GCI): assesses three types of competencies: perception management, relationship management, and self management 2. Global Executive Leadership Inventory: assesses two roles played by the executive: charismatic and architectural Source: Bird, Allan, Martha L. Maznevski, Mark E. Mendenhall, Gary R. Oddou, and Joyce S. Osland. "Assessing Global Leadership Competencies." Global Leadership: Research, Practice, and Development. London [u.a.: Routledge, Print.

GCI: Perception Management ✤ This group includes the following dimensions: ✤ Nonjudgmentalness ✤ Inquisitiveness ✤ Tolerance of Ambiguity ✤ Cosmopolitan ✤ Category of Inclusiveness

GCI: Relationship Management ✤ This group includes the following dimensions: ✤ Relationship Interest ✤ Interpersonal Engagement ✤ Emotional Sensitivity ✤ Self-Awareness ✤ Behavioral Flexibility

GCI: Self Management ✤ This group includes the following dimensions: ✤ Optimism ✤ Self-Confidence ✤ Emotional Resilience ✤ Non-Stress Tendency ✤ Stress Management ✤ Interest Flexibility

Global Executive Leadership Inventory ✤ Here, we examine the charismatic and architectural roles of the leader ✤ This includes the following dimensions: Visioning, Empowering, Energizing, Designing and Aligning, Rewarding and Feedback, Team Building, Outside Orientation, Global Mindset, Tenacity, Emotional Intelligence, Life Balance, and Resilience to Stress

Trust ✤ Trust: the belief on the integrity, character, and ability of a leader ✤ Dimensions of trust: 1. Integrity: honesty and truthfulness 2. Competence: technical and interpersonal knowledge and skills 3. Consistency: reliability, predictability, and good judgement in handling situations 4. Loyalty: willingness to protect a person, physically and emotionally 5. Openness: willingness to share ideas and information freely

Learning Outcomes ✤ There are different approaches of defining leadership: trait, behavior, situational, and power-influence ✤ Thus, we describe leaders differently, in terms of charisma, transformation, autocracy... etc. ✤ Domestic and multi-domestic leaders are not global leaders; global leaders are assessed differently ✤ Trust is the essence of leadership