From The World of Maps, by Judith A. Tyner. Copyright 2015 by The Guilford Press. Plate 9.2. Topologically correct cartogram of the 2012 presidential election results. The size of the state is based on the number of electoral votes. Courtesy of Mark Newman, University of Michigan.

From The World of Maps, by Judith A. Tyner. Copyright 2015 by The Guilford Press. Figure 9.1. Overlapping symbols. These symbols are used to show transitions, areas of dispute, and indeterminate boundaries.

From The World of Maps, by Judith A. Tyner. Copyright 2015 by The Guilford Press. Figure 9.2. Simple dot maps show quantity and the nature of the distribution.

From The World of Maps, by Judith A. Tyner. Copyright 2015 by The Guilford Press. Figure 9.3. Dot density maps do not show actual locations.

From The World of Maps, by Judith A. Tyner. Copyright 2015 by The Guilford Press. Figure 9.4. Proportional circle. The area of the circle is proportional to the amount represented.

From The World of Maps, by Judith A. Tyner. Copyright 2015 by The Guilford Press. Figure 9.5. Proportional shape sizes.

From The World of Maps, by Judith A. Tyner. Copyright 2015 by The Guilford Press. Figure 9.6. Range graded circles. Values are placed in categories.

From The World of Maps, by Judith A. Tyner. Copyright 2015 by The Guilford Press. Figure 9.7. Pie charts.

From The World of Maps, by Judith A. Tyner. Copyright 2015 by The Guilford Press. Figure 9.8. Flow line map. The width of the arrows is proportional to the value of the product.

From The World of Maps, by Judith A. Tyner. Copyright 2015 by The Guilford Press. Figure 9.9. Uneven intervals can mislead.

From The World of Maps, by Judith A. Tyner. Copyright 2015 by The Guilford Press. Figure Drawing an isarithmic map by connecting the data points.

From The World of Maps, by Judith A. Tyner. Copyright 2015 by The Guilford Press. Figure Alaska and Vermont have very different sizes but similar populations; thus, showing the total population instead of a ratio is misleading.

From The World of Maps, by Judith A. Tyner. Copyright 2015 by The Guilford Press. Figure The lines on dasymetric maps represent lines of rapid change; they have no value.

From The World of Maps, by Judith A. Tyner. Copyright 2015 by The Guilford Press. Figure Rectangular cartogram.

From The World of Maps, by Judith A. Tyner. Copyright 2015 by The Guilford Press. Figure Dorling cartogram represents counties with circles.

From The World of Maps, by Judith A. Tyner. Copyright 2015 by The Guilford Press. Figure Noncontiguous cartogram. The state outlines are often shown for clarity.

From The World of Maps, by Judith A. Tyner. Copyright 2015 by The Guilford Press. Figure Cartogram with two variables. The state sizes show population, and the shading represents the crime rate.

From The World of Maps, by Judith A. Tyner. Copyright 2015 by The Guilford Press. Figure Linear cartogram.

From The World of Maps, by Judith A. Tyner. Copyright 2015 by The Guilford Press. Figure Radial time cartogram.