Tutorial: Physics Topic: Oils of combustion engines Prepared by : RNDr. Ondřej Jeřábek Projekt Anglicky v odborných předmětech, CZ.1.07/1.3.09/04.0002.

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Tutorial: Physics Topic: Oils of combustion engines Prepared by : RNDr. Ondřej Jeřábek Projekt Anglicky v odborných předmětech, CZ.1.07/1.3.09/ je spolufinancován Evropským sociálním fondem a státním rozpočtem České republiky.

Oils of combustion engines

Significance of lubrication:  Reduction of friction between moving and stationary engine parts  Conservation of combustion engine’s parts  Cooling of some combustion engine’s parts  Minimize wear of combustion engine’s parts Use of lubrication: Compression ignition engines, spark ignition engines, 4-stroke engines, 2-stroke engines

 Mineral oils  They are made by distillation of petroleum  Polo synthetic oils  They are the most common  It is made by mixing mineral and synthetic oils  It contains at least 20% of synthetic part  Synthetic oils  They are made by extraction of element suitable for lubrication of petroleum  High quality oil types

 Viscous classification  Viscosity – resistance against liquid flowing  Labelling: 15W40  15 – Winter viscous index  The lowest number - the most suitable is oil for winter traffic  W – Winter  Oil suitable for winter traffic  40 – Summer viscous index  The higher number - the most suitable is oil for working in higher temperatures

 Productivity standard  It considers lubricating oil abilities and qualities as a complex unit.  Labelling: SJ  S – engine type(S – spark ignition engines, C – compression engines, T – 2-stroke engines)  J – Oil quality– the further letter it is in alphabet, the higher quality oil it is

 European standard of oil quality  Oils are labelled by the combination of letters and numbers  Spark-ignition engines – A, compression engines– B, lorries– E

 Petrol engines  A1 – elementary efficiency level for modern petrol engines  A2 – standard engine oils for modern petrol engines  A3 – high-oil quality for modern petrol engines  Diesel engines for cars  B1 – elementary efficiency level for modern diesel engines  B2 – standard engine oils for modern diesel engines  B3 – high – quality oils for modern diesel engines  B4 – engine oils for diesel engines of cars with straight squirt  Diesel engines for lorries  E1 – elementary efficiency level for modern diesel engines  E2 – standard engine oils for modern diesel engines  E3 – high – quality oil for modern diesel engines  E4 – engine oils for engines complying emission rules EURO 2 and EURO 3, along with the possibility of extreme extensions of exchange intervals

Petrol engines A1 – elementary efficiency level for modern petrol engines A2 – standard engine oils for modern petrol engines A3 – high quality oils for modern petrol engines Diesel engines for cars B1 – elementary efficiency level for modern diesel engines B2 – standard engine oils for modern diesel engines B3 – high quality oils for modern diesel engines B4 – engine oils for diesel engines of cars with direct squirt Diesel engines for lorries E1 – elementary efficiency level for modern diesel engines E2 – standard engine oils for modern diesel engines E3 – high quality oils for modern diesel engines E4 – engine oils for engines complying emission rules EURO 2 and EURO 3, along with the possibility of extreme extensions of exchange intervals

 Some producers use their own standards for oils evaluation  VW (petrol engines) – corresponds to ACEA A3  VW (petrol engines) - corresponds to ACEA A2  VW (diesel engines) - corresponds to ACEA B3  Extension of exchange- model 2000 (it is not for eastern Europe):  VW (petrol engines) km or 2 years  VW (diesel engines) km or 2 years for common cars, km or 2 years for personal cars  W (diesel engines) km or 1 year

 Explain the meaning of standards:  API  SAE

 Explain the term of viscosity  Explain the following standard marking SAE: 10W30

 JAN, Zdeněk; ŽDÁNSKÝ, Bronislav ; ČUPERA, Jiří. Automobily 1. Brno : Avid, s.  JAN, Zdeněk; ŽDÁNSKÝ, Bronislav ; ČUPERA, Jiří. Automobily 2. Brno : Avid, s.  JAN, Zdeněk; ŽDÁNSKÝ, Bronislav ; ČUPERA, Jiří. Automobily 3. Brno : Avid, s.  JAN, Zdeněk; ŽDÁNSKÝ, Bronislav ; ČUPERA, Jiří. Automobily 4. Brno : Avid, s. Translation:    JANATA, Petr. Handy slovník technický anglicko-český a česko-anglický. Plzeň: Nakladatelství Fraus, ISBN  Lingea LEXIKON 5, Technický slovník anglicko-český a česko-anglický