Culture-Dependent Unit Lab Project Four River Proteobacteria and Waterborne Diseases.

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Presentation transcript:

Culture-Dependent Unit Lab Project Four River Proteobacteria and Waterborne Diseases

Enteric Proteobacteria (12.11) Non-sporulating rods, oxidase (-) facultative aerobes Chemoheterotrophs - simple monomers Coliforms = lac (+) “feces indicators” BUT there are lac (-), some pathogens too! You will each use phenotypic tests and tables to identify 1 river coliform unknown and 1 control Enteric.

Pseudomonas (12.7) Non-sporulating rods, lac (-), oxidase (+) aerobes Chemoheterotrophs - monomers and polymers Legendary pollution tolerance and bioremediation Some pathogens, but typically not as diarrhea agents Neisseria, which causes gonorrhea and some forms of meningitis, also oxidase (+) - common test.

Diarrhea/Enteritis-Causing Proteobacteria

#1 Campylobacter jejuni (12.14 and 29.9) Spirilla found in poultry GI flora, feces 1 week - intestine pain, 103+ fever, blood/pus in stool Secreted toxin - ATP to cAMP, salt and fluid loss LPS toxins - HUGE inflammation, MS-like symptoms Sterility, spontaneous abortion in cattle and sheep Won’t grow on MacConkey as it has complex nutritional requirements and low oxygen tolerance.

#2 Salmonella, over 2000 strains (12.11 and 29.7) Lac (-) Enteric pathogen in human/mammal GI/feces Dose HIGH - 10,000 to 1 million bacteria 8-24 hours - headache, vomiting, diarrhea, low fever Ruffle membrane - penetrate, inflame GI mucosa Variable pili, flagella - many alleles confuse defenses Typhoid fever by S. typhi - invades blood, fever for weeks, 15% fatal - developing nations, Typhoid Mary.

Salmonella Aside - Largest BW Event on US Soil LONG history (500 B.C.) - feces and water Rajneesh Cult in Antelope, OR Goal was to take over elected seats in county typhimurium obtained by nurse posing as health lab Sprayed on salad bars, Dalles cases, no deaths

#3 Shigella, 4 major species (12.11 and 29.8) Lac variable Enteric pathogen, close relative of E. coli Human feces ONLY, LOW dose bacteria POWERFUL secreted Shiga toxin halts translation 1 day - HUGE diarrhea (20 BM/day) with blood/pus 40% of all victims’ family catches - THINK ABOUT 5% develop HUS - septicemia, anemia, kidney failure

#4 Enterohemorrhagic E. coli O157:H7 True coliform Enteric pathogen - 1 of 200 strains Undercooked ground beef, feces-tainted food/water 2-4 days moderate bloody diarrhea, 10% HUS Shiga-like Vero toxin inhibits protein synthesis 60,000 cases/year and 50 deaths First emerged 1980 Jack in the Box; Odwalla raw apple juice, unpasteurized milk cases in OR/WA

Today’s Activities Site analysis, plating from local rivers Be careful with naming, labeling, and record-keeping Set up phototrophs using mud/bottles - lecture later Individual research - Diarrhea/Enteritis-Causing Viruses; if reports/images good, these won’t be on mid-term.