For Lecture 3 Exam The whole test is matching. Be able to match the following with their description: Virulence factors/enzymes The three hemolysis patterns Disease terms Toxins Match the disease to the organism Know which diseases have which vectors (invertebrates PPT)

Virulence Factors Enzymes Adhesins (to adhere) β lactamase (deactivates penicillins) Ribosylase (causes diarrhea) Catalase Coagulase (causes blood clots) Staphylokinase (dissolves blood clots) Streptokinase (dissolves blood clots) IgA or IgG protease (deactivates Ab’s) Hyaluronidase (can move thru tissues) SOD (superoxide dismutase; deactivates WBC lysosomes) Adhesins (to adhere) Invasins (to get into cells) Endotoxin (LPS, LOS, and Lipid A) Exotoxins Cytotoxins (kills cells) Enterotoxin (GI upset) Neurotoxins (disrupts nerves) H Ag (flagella allows motility) K Ag (capsule) Angiotrophic ability (pulls blood vessels close) Facultative intracellular pathogens (can survive with and without O2) MDR plasmids (genetic drug resistance) PG (prostaglandins; promotes inflammation)

Hemolysis Hemolysin Patterns:  (alpha hemolysis; partially breaks down RBC membranes. Turn blood agar green)  (beta hemolysis; completely ruptures RBCs. Turns blood agar clear)  (gamma hemolysis is no RBC lysis; no color change on blood agar)

Disease Terms Furuncle (boil; infected hair follicles) Carbuncles (mass of boils) Cellulitis/ soft tissue infections. Scalded Skin Syndrome  exfolatin toxin from Staph aureus Necrotizing Faciitis: destroys muscle and fat tissue Toxic Shock: Bacteremia (bacteria in blood) and multisystem failure Enterointoxication (enterotoxin-mediated diarrhea). This is Dz, not infection. Pneumonia (fluid in the lungs) Osteomyelitis (bone infection). Requires 6-8 weeks of iv antibiotics Renal Abscess  infarcts (seeds from renal artery, forms abscess, clots blood beyond that site) Endocarditis (heart valve infection) --> destruction of valve --> blood clot forms, breaks off, travels as a septic embolism

Outer membrane Peptidoglycan GRAM NEGATIVE GRAM POSITIVE

ENDOTOXINS (GRAM NEGATIVE ONLY) O Antigen LPS Inner plasma membrane Cell Wall Lipid A (endotoxin) Outer plasma membrane LPS (LOS is LPS with a smaller O antigen)

Bacteria list Gram Positive Rods Gram Positive bacteria Bacillis cereus Bacillis anthracis Clostridium perfringins Clostridium difficile Clostridium botulinum Clostridium tetani Listeria Proprionibacterium acnes Corynebacterium diptheriae Nocordia asteroides Actinomyces israelii Acid-fast bacteria Mycobacterium tuburclulosis Mycobacterium leprae Non-acid-fast, non-gram staining Mycoplasma pneuomoniae Gram Positive bacteria Gram Positive Cocci Staphylococcus S. aureus S. haemolyticus S. epidermidis S. saprophyticus Streptococcus Group A (Strep. Pyogenes) Group B (Streptococcus agalactiae) Group D (Enterococcus faecalis) Viridins (Steptococcus pneumoniae)

Exotoxins and their classification Cytotoxins Verotoxin (Shigella-like toxin; E. coli EHEC) AB toxin (Kills colon epithelium; E. coli EHEC) Toxic Shock Syndrome toxin (Staph aureus) Exfolatin (Scalded Skin Syndrome; Staph aureus) Necrotizing Fasciitis Toxin (group A Strep) Anthrax Diphtheria Pertussis and tracheal cytotoxin Enterotoxins Neurotoxins Botulism Tetanus

Gram positive exotoxins (no endotoxins) Staphylococcus aureus Clostridium difficile Clostridium perfringens Clostridium botulinum Clostridium tetani Bacillus cereus Bacillus anthracis Corynebacterium diphtheriae Cytotoxins (TSS, NF, exfolatin), Neurotoxin, Enterotoxin Cytotoxin, Enterotoxin Cytotoxin, Enterotoxin Neurotoxin (botulism toxin) Neurotoxin (Tetanus toxin) Enterotoxin Cytotoxin (Anthrax toxin) Cytotoxin (Diphtheria toxin)

What Diseases do these cause? Gram Positive bacteria Gram Positive Cocci Staphylococcus S. aureus S. haemolyticus S. epidermidis S. saprophyticus Streptococcus Group A (Strep. Pyogenes) Group B (Streptococcus agalactiae) Group D (Enterococcus faecalis) Viridins (Steptococcus pneumoniae) Food poisoning, scalded skin syndrome, impetigo, folliculitis, furuncles, toxic shock, bacteremia, endocarditis, pneumonia, osteomyelitis, MRSA Skin infections Wound and internal fixation devices infections UTI Strep throat, Scarlet fever, Impetigo, Toxic Shock Syndrome, Necrotizing fasciitis, Rheumatic fever neonatal sepsis and meningitis in infants Nosocomial infections Pneumonia, meningitis, endocarditis, cavities, sinus and ear infections

What Diseases do these cause? Gram Positive Rods Bacillis cereus Bacillis anthracis Clostridium perfringins Clostridium difficile Clostridium botulinum Clostridium tetani Listeria Proprionibacterium acnes Corynebacterium diptheriae Nocordia asteroides Actinomyces israelii Acid-fast bacteria Mycobacterium tuburclulosis Mycobacterium leprae Non-acid-fast, non-gram staining Mycoplasma pneuomoniae Food poisoning anthrax Food poisoning, gas gangrene Diarrhea from antibiotics, pseudomembranous colitis Botulism Tetanus Food poisoning acne Diphtheria Pneumonia, wounds, CNS infections Maxillary osteomyelitis, human bite wounds Tuberculosis Hansen’s disease Walking pneumonia

Gram Negative Bacteria Not Enterobacteriaceae Enterobacteriaceae Neisseria gonorrhea and meningitis Vibrio cholerae Helicobacteri pylori Haemophilus influenzae Bordetella pertussis Francisella tularensis Brucella Pseudomonas aeruginosa Rickettsia spp Chlamydia spp Legionella Bartonella spp Pasturella multocida E. coli Enterobacter aerogenes Klebsiella pneumoniae Proteus vulgaris Serratia marcescens Campylobacter jejuni Salmonella typhi Shigella dysenteriae Yersinia enterocolitica and pestis NOTE: All of the organisms on this slide are rods except Neisseria, which are cocci (diplococci).

Spirochetes Treponema pallidum Borelia burgdorferi

E. coli strains/serotypes most normal flora E. coli are non-pathogenic in intestinal tract pathogenic strains: EPEC (enteropathic) ETEC (enterotoxic) EHEC (enterohemorrhagic) EIEC (enteroinvasive) EAEC (enteroaggregative) UPEC (uropathogenic)

What Diseases Do These Cause? Enterobacteriaceae E. coli Enterobacter aerogenes Klebsiella pneumoniae Proteus vulgaris Serratia marcescens Campylobacter jejuni Salmonella typhi Shigella dysenteriae Yersinia enterocolitica Yersinia pestis Diarrhea, septicemia, UTI Diarrhea, pneumonia, septicemia Pneumonia, septicemia UTI, diarrhea, nosocomial wound infections UTI, wound infections (catheters), pink grout Diarrhea from poultry, sick puppies; septicemia Diarrhea and typhoid fever; feces on food, raw chicken, reptiles Bloody diarrhea from human feces Diarrhea; lymph node inflammation Bubonic (black) plaque

What Diseases Do These Cause? Neisseria gonorrhea Neisseria meningitis Vibrio cholerae Helicobacteri pylori Haemophilus influenzae Bordetella pertussis Francisella tularensis Gonorrhea Meningitis Cholera Stomach and duodenal ulcers Meningitis (infants), conjunctivitis, STD, endocarditis Whooping cough, kennel cough in dogs Rabbit Fever

What Diseases Do These Cause? Brucella Pseudomonas aeruginosa Rickettsia spp Chlamydia spp Legionella Bartonella spp Pasturella multocida Undulant fever, abortions Infects ulcers and burns, cellulitis, otitis Rocky Mt spotted fever, endemic and epidemic typhus STD and trachoma Legionnaires’ disease (pneumonia) Carrion's disease, Trench Fever, Cat Scratch Fever Bird Cholera

Vectors and their Diseases Organism Disease Vector Francisella tularensis Tularemia (“Rabbit Fever”) Dermacentor ticks (hard tick) and deer flies Rickettsia rickettsii   Rocky Mountain Spotted Fever Ticks Rickettsia typhi Endemic typhus Fleas Rickettsia prowazekii Epidemic typhus Lice Bartonella bacilliformis Carrión’s Disease Sand flies Borrelia burgdorferi Lyme Disease Ixodes ticks (hard tick) Borrelia recurrentis  Epidemic Relapsing Fever Borrelia hermsii  Endemic Relapsing Fever Ornithodoros (Soft tick) Yersinia pestis Bubonic plague