CH 19 Eukaryote Kingdom #1: Protists

Eukaryote Kingdom #1: Protista “The Junk Drawer Kingdom”  One-celled (mostly)  Eukaryotic (have organelles)  3 types of protists: 1. Animal-like: Protozoans 2. Plant-like: Algae 3. Fungus-like: Slime Molds

Protist Movement Types  Amoebas  Flagellates  Ciliates

Protist Reproduction  Asexual- dividing into 2 identical cells  Conjugation- offspring get characteristics from both parents

Animal-like Protists: Protozoans  Heterotrophs (like animals)  In water, on land, in other organisms

Animal-Like Protists: Protozoans ex 1: Amoebas  Heterotrophs  Use PSEUDOPODS, aka “false feet,” to move & trap food

Animal-Like Protists: Protozoans ex 2: Giardia  Intestinal parasite  from contaminated water  Symptoms: tired, weight-loss, diarrhea  Use FLAGELLA to moveFLAGELLA

Animal-Like Protists: Protozoans ex 3: Trypanosomes  Causes African Sleeping Sickness: Fatal! Fever, chills, skin rash, affects nervous system  In blood, spread by Tsetse flies in Africa  Use FLAGELLA to move

Animal-Like Protists: Protozoans ex 4: Paramecium  Use CILIA to move and to bring food into their mouth poreCILIA  Food is packaged into vacuoles and chemically broken down  Waste leaves through anal pore

Animal-Like Protists: Protozoans Ex 5: Sporozoans  Produce spores to reproduce  Parasites live in blood  Plasmodium causes malaria, Plasmodium Deadly - kills 3 million every year  Mosquitoes transfer infected blood

Protists: Protozoans- plasmodium

Plant-like Protists: Algae  Live in water  Autotrophs  Make almost one-half of the worlds carbohydrates and oxygen

Plant-like Protists: Algae Ex 1: EuglenaEuglena  Have chloroplasts- make food from light  Flagellum to move  Eyespot to locate food  Heterotroph and Autotroph!

Sensing and Responding  Eyespot- senses changes in light, can move to food, away from harmful chemicals

Plant-like Protists: Algae Ex 2: DiatomsDiatoms  Hard shell made of silica (glass)  Die, shells build up on the ocean bottom  collected and used for soaps and scouring powders

Plant-like Protists: Algae ex 2: Diatoms

Plant-Like Protists: Algae Ex 3:

Dinoflagellate- Structure  2 unequal flagella  Cell wall with plates of cellulose

Dinoflagellates- Red Tide

Dinoflagellates Red Tide  Massive blooms  Produce toxins  Kills fish  Stored in mussels and clam tissue  Causes Paralytic Shellfish Poisoning

PSP Toxin  Neurotoxin  1000X power of cyanide  No antidote, need immediate medical attention, life support equipment  Low dose? w/ treatment, symptoms gone in 9 hours

PSP Symptoms  Numbness, tingling around mouth  Vomiting, diarrhea  Double vision  Respiratory paralysis, death

Dinoflagellates Bioluminescence

Protists: Algae  Ex 4: Seaweed  Have chloroplasts  Many cells together, up to 60 cm long and some 100 m tall (giant kelp)  Red, green, browngreen  In many foods

Protists: Osmosis- water balance  Water moves through cell membrane from high concentration of water to low concentration of water  In fresh water, a protist cell may burst, so protists collect water and push it back out

Protists: Osmosis in Cells

Osmosis- water balance

Contractile Vacuole Contractile Vacuole in Paramecium Full Empty

Questions:  1. Why are ground-up diatoms sometimes used in powdered cleansers?  2. Which protist that you observed do you think is the most advanced?  3. Why is it more advanced?  4. In which protist that you observed could you identify the most organelles?  5. How many organelles could you see and identify?

Slide 1: Euglena acus

Slide 2: Diatoms

Slide 3: Paramecium caudatum

Slide 4: Stentor coeruleus

Slide 5: Ameoba proteus

Slide 6: Radiolarians

Slide 7: Foraminifera