Watching the Waist of the Protocol Hourglass

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Presentation transcript:

Watching the Waist of the Protocol Hourglass ICNP ’98 Austin, TX October 14, 1998 Steve Deering deering@ cisco.com

The Internet Protocol Hourglass email WWW phone... SMTP HTTP RTP... TCP UDP… IP ethernet PPP… CSMA async sonet... copper fiber radio...

Why the Hourglass Architecture? Why an internet layer? make a bigger network global addressing virtualize network to isolate end-to-end protocols from network details/changes Why a single internet protocol? maximize interoperability minimize number of service interfaces Why a narrow internet protocol? assumes least common network functionality to maximize number of usable networks email WWW phone... SMTP HTTP RTP... TCP UDP… IP ethernet PPP… CSMA async sonet... copper fiber radio...

Why Am I Talking About Watching the Waist? Keynote is an opportunity for navel gazing It happens on reaching middle age (me & IP) The IP layer is the only layer small enough for me to get my arms around I am worried about how the architecture is now being lost: the waste of the hourglass The hourglass theme offers many bad puns

Putting on Weight requires more functionality from underlying networks email WWW phone... SMTP HTTP RTP... TCP UDP… IP + mcast + QoS +... ethernet PPP… CSMA async sonet... copper fiber radio... requires more functionality from underlying networks

Mid-Life Crisis doubles number of service interfaces email WWW phone... SMTP HTTP RTP... TCP UDP… IP4 IP6 ethernet PPP… CSMA async sonet... copper fiber radio... doubles number of service interfaces requires changes above & below major interoper-ability issues

Oops! An Accident NATs & ALGs used to glue the broken pieces email WWW phone... SMTP HTTP RTP... TCP UDP… IP ethernet PPP… CSMA async sonet... copper fiber radio... NATs & ALGs used to glue the broken pieces lots of kinds of new glue being invented—ruins predictability some apps remain broken, since repairs are incomplete

Threat-ened by Youths danger : creeping dependencies on specific link-layers inhibit flexibility and evolution doesn’t fully supplant IP, so end up with complicated hybrid & two address plans email WWW phone... SMTP HTTP RTP... TCP UDP… IP ATM ethernet CSMA async sonet... copper fiber radio...

The Youths’ Latest Trick email WWW phone... SMTP HTTP RTP... TCP UDP… IP ATM CIF ethernet PPP… CSMA async sonet... copper fiber radio... cells-in-frames (CIF) shredded and bundled packets hope is that IP and frame-oriented media will fade away goal is a fatter waist

More Fattening Temptations layer 2 tunneling protocols TCP “helpers” reliable multicast assists “content-based routing” active networking email WWW phone... SMTP HTTP RTP... TCP UDP… IP + ? + ?... ethernet PPP… CSMA async sonet... copper fiber radio...

Below-the-Waist Bulge mostly reinventing, badly, what IP already does (or could do): VLANs LANE router bypass / NHRP tag-switching / MPLS (“layer 2.5”) lower layers mostly seem to just make IP’s job harder cells, circuits, QoS, multicast, large clouds, opaque clouds

Obfuscation In case all this didn’t make the network manager’s job hard enough… we renamed bridges to switches we renamed routers to switches we now have “multilayer switches” and “layerless switches”

Entropy or Evolution? looks like the normal entropy (decay) that besets all large, engineered systems over time don’t know where/how to reapply energy to fight the entropy less worrisome to view as evolution instead the Internet as an evolving lifeform or ecosystem? just let nature (the market) take its course though result is undesigned and unpredictable, should not be viewed as decay

Survival of the Fittest? email WWW phone... SMTP HTTP RTP... TCP UDP… IP6 copper fiber radio... may evolve from an hourglass to a wineglass early signs: IP-over-SONET, IP-over-WDM need IPv6 to restore slim waist

Only Time Will Tell…