Transcendentalism Wrap-Up Ralph Waldo Emerson – from Self Reliance Henry David Thoreau – from Civil Disobedience Henry David Thoreau – from Walden

Main Themes Leading Transcendentalists: Ralph Waldo Emerson & Henry David ThoreauLeading Transcendentalists: Ralph Waldo Emerson & Henry David Thoreau Began as informal discussion club in Boston, but spread in influence – many of its ideas still part of American culture todayBegan as informal discussion club in Boston, but spread in influence – many of its ideas still part of American culture today

Main Themes Influences: Puritanism  nature as symbolic; belief in higher powerPuritanism  nature as symbolic; belief in higher power Platonism  insistence on spiritual and intellectual ideals in spite of growing cultural focus on materialism, consumerismPlatonism  insistence on spiritual and intellectual ideals in spite of growing cultural focus on materialism, consumerism Romanticism  ideas of individualism, imagination, counter-cultural spiritRomanticism  ideas of individualism, imagination, counter-cultural spirit

Main Themes Particularly interested in the natural world and its relationship to humanityParticularly interested in the natural world and its relationship to humanity Believed that if they explored nature thoroughly, they would come to know themselves and the universal truths betterBelieved that if they explored nature thoroughly, they would come to know themselves and the universal truths better Thought that the human spirit is reflected in natureThought that the human spirit is reflected in nature

Self Reliance - Emerson Envy is ignorance – we are envious of people who have what we don’t – knowledge, talent, etc.Envy is ignorance – we are envious of people who have what we don’t – knowledge, talent, etc. Imitation is suicide – can’t copy somebody else foreverImitation is suicide – can’t copy somebody else forever Will not be successful if people do not know who you truly areWill not be successful if people do not know who you truly are

Self Reliance - Emerson We must accept ourselves as we are; limitations and talents / strengths and weaknessesWe must accept ourselves as we are; limitations and talents / strengths and weaknesses Need to know yourself well if you are going to excel / achieve in any area; use the talents you are given because success will only come from your hard workNeed to know yourself well if you are going to excel / achieve in any area; use the talents you are given because success will only come from your hard work

Self Reliance - Emerson We are not comfortable in our own skin – it is much easier to copy somebody else than stand alone and be different.We are not comfortable in our own skin – it is much easier to copy somebody else than stand alone and be different.

Self Reliance - Emerson Your natural instincts / intuition will take you in the right directionYour natural instincts / intuition will take you in the right direction We cannot hide and be protected our entire lives – at some point, we need to decide what our morals and values are and work to stand by themWe cannot hide and be protected our entire lives – at some point, we need to decide what our morals and values are and work to stand by them

Self Reliance - Emerson No one can tell you who you really are; therefore, you need to figure out your identity and stay true to that.No one can tell you who you really are; therefore, you need to figure out your identity and stay true to that. Do not compromise your values for anyone.Do not compromise your values for anyone. Never make a decision unless you are sure you can live with the consequences.Never make a decision unless you are sure you can live with the consequences.

Civil Disobedience - Thoreau Government is best which governs least/not at allGovernment is best which governs least/not at all Bureaucracy and red tape take too longBureaucracy and red tape take too long There are too many people in the system that can abuse itThere are too many people in the system that can abuse it

Civil Disobedience - Thoreau If you do not believe that your taxes are funding purposes you believe in, do not pay them.If you do not believe that your taxes are funding purposes you believe in, do not pay them. Everyone has morals and a conscience for a reason; you must follow them.Everyone has morals and a conscience for a reason; you must follow them.

Civil Disobedience - Thoreau The standing army is an arm of the standing government. All criticisms put towards the army can be directed towards the government.The standing army is an arm of the standing government. All criticisms put towards the army can be directed towards the government. The decision makers who follow their heads and not their hearts are truly to blame.The decision makers who follow their heads and not their hearts are truly to blame.

Civil Disobedience - Thoreau The night he spent in jail he began to pity the government.The night he spent in jail he began to pity the government. Locking him in a cell cannot brainwash him or take away his thoughts, only contain his body.Locking him in a cell cannot brainwash him or take away his thoughts, only contain his body. No man can have his thoughts taken from him.No man can have his thoughts taken from him.

Civil Disobedience - Thoreau He doesn’t want no government right away, but immedialty a better government.He doesn’t want no government right away, but immedialty a better government. If men stop following the laws, the laws will no longer matter.If men stop following the laws, the laws will no longer matter. The majority make laws because they have power.The majority make laws because they have power.

from Walden - Thoreau Thoreau went to live at Walden Pond on Emerson’s land for two years to get closer to nature. Thoreau went to live at Walden Pond on Emerson’s land for two years to get closer to nature. Being one with nature and seeing the beauty in the natural world is one of the major themes/beliefs of Transcendentalism. Being one with nature and seeing the beauty in the natural world is one of the major themes/beliefs of Transcendentalism.

from Walden - Thoreau Living alone, like a recluse, Thoreau wanted to do nothing but be one with the world and experience all it had, or didn’t have, to offer. Living alone, like a recluse, Thoreau wanted to do nothing but be one with the world and experience all it had, or didn’t have, to offer. His goal was to live where he could explore the natural world, see what the world had to teach, and make sure he lived his life to the fullest. His goal was to live where he could explore the natural world, see what the world had to teach, and make sure he lived his life to the fullest.

from Walden - Thoreau Keep your life and all your affairs and business simple! People spend too much of their time dealing with time wasting tasks rather than actually living their lives like they should. Keep your life and all your affairs and business simple! People spend too much of their time dealing with time wasting tasks rather than actually living their lives like they should. People are too concerned with the trials and tribulations of life that do not concern them. People are too concerned with the trials and tribulations of life that do not concern them. Live your own life, and live it to the best of your ability! Live your own life, and live it to the best of your ability!

‘Solitude’ - Thoreau Thoreau is in a good mood. He is experiencing a great evening when everything is going right, and happiness and joy are seeping into his skin. Thoreau is in a good mood. He is experiencing a great evening when everything is going right, and happiness and joy are seeping into his skin.

‘Solitude’ - Thoreau In Nature, every creature lives its life and does not rest. Unlike man, these creatures are constantly in their essence, in action. They are the example Nature puts forth for showing the days when life was natural and all action.

‘The Pond in Winter’ - Thoreau Thoreau describes a pond that is frozen over — so much so that it looks like a field. Thoreau describes a pond that is frozen over — so much so that it looks like a field. He cuts through the snow and ice to look at the world below. He cuts through the snow and ice to look at the world below. He sees a tranquil and serene sight that is as beautiful and wondrous as the heavens. He sees a tranquil and serene sight that is as beautiful and wondrous as the heavens. Nature is beautiful and amazing everywhere, not just where the eyes can see. Nature is beautiful and amazing everywhere, not just where the eyes can see.

‘Spring’ - Thoreau Thoreau is waiting for spring to come. Thoreau is waiting for spring to come. Suddenly it does; the days get longer and the storms stay away. Suddenly it does; the days get longer and the storms stay away. The pond thaws, and reflects a beautiful summer sky. The pond thaws, and reflects a beautiful summer sky. Nature is one, everything is connected. Nature is one, everything is connected.

Conclusion - Thoreau Thoreau decides to leave because he has other lives to live. Thoreau decides to leave because he has other lives to live. It is easy to get into a groove in the natural world, and in the mind. It is easy to get into a groove in the natural world, and in the mind. The doctrines of society are deeply imbedded in Man’s mind. The doctrines of society are deeply imbedded in Man’s mind.

Conclusion - Thoreau The poor are more free than the rich. The poor are more free than the rich. They do not have distractions or money problems to keep their attention away from the pure enjoyment of nature. They do not have distractions or money problems to keep their attention away from the pure enjoyment of nature. If you have dreams, work for them! You’ll see success normal men don’t get to see. If you have dreams, work for them! You’ll see success normal men don’t get to see.