April 12 1 PPE – Hand Protection October 5, 2012 CII Towards optimising safety for CSR and sustainability

Hand Protection  Introduction to Hand protection Introduction to Hand protection  Hand injury hazards at work sites Hand injury hazards at work sites  Protection suggested Protection suggested  Glove classification Glove classification  Standards followed Standards followed  Case Study Case Study  Choosing the right glove Choosing the right glove  Products from Mallcom Products from Mallcom  Summary Summary April 12 2

3 Hands are the chief organs for physically manipulating the environment, used for both gross motor skills (such as grasping a large object) and fine motor skills (such as picking up a small pebble). The fingertips contain some of the densest areas of nerve endings on the body, are the richest source of tactile feedback, and have the greatest positioning capability of the body; thus the sense of touch is intimately associated with hands.

April 12 4 The hand A complex tool A PERFECT DEXTERITY The back The palm  27 bones, 40 muscles  3 nerves  skin.  40% of the total work accidents  1 Accident over 3 concerns hands  Around 8 millions days of work lost per year

April 12 5 Hand Hazards can be broadly categorized into  Mechanical hazards  Cutting  Punctures  Crushing  Pinches  Rotating Equipment  Vibrating Equipment  Environmental Hazards  Extreme Temperatues  Electrical Hazards  Contact with skin irritant substances Cuts Punctures Rotating Equipment Vibrating Equipment Pinches

April 12 6 Everyday decontamination

April 12 7

8 Miter Saws Guards must cover the blade and only retract as the blade cuts through material. This guard is bolted open

April 12 9 Guarding - Point of Operation 9 The point of operation is where the work is actually performed on the materials – it must be guarded This shows a radial arm saw equipped with proper point of operation guards

April When engineering and work control parameters do not remove the risk of a hazard …………. Suggested PPE

April Gloves Leather Textile Synthetic Work Driver Winter Welder Seamless Knitted Latex PVA UHMWPE Neoprene PVC Butyl Vinyl Polyethelene PU Cut & Sewn Types of Protection Classification on the basis of material Synthetic CoatingDotting Synthetic YarnNatural Cotton, WoolenNylon, Polyester, Aramid

April FULL GRAIN DERME SPLIT  (Full) GRAIN leather: external part of the leather Advantages : dexterity, comfort and supplesness  SPLIT leather: Internal part of the skin Advantages : lower cost, excellent resistance to abrasion Types of leather:  Cowhide leather  Pigskin leather: lower price  Goatskin leather: full grain leather only  Lambskin leather: full grain leather only Material in gloves 1. Leather

April Grain The grain layer is the outermost external side where the hair used to be. This grain-textured layer is regarded as the most expensive. Split This layer is the rougher internal side of hide. In the glove industry, it may be subcategoried as: Side Split This came from the back and side portions of the animal. The hide is densest here, yielding consistently durable grade leather. Shoulder Split This came from the shoulder area where the hide is less uniform in density and appearance. The result is less durable, but more affordable leather. Belly (Economy) Split The belly area yields the thinnest and least durable leather. Tanning transforms the rough natural skin of the animals into leather, which is Rot-Proof and Non- Permeable and renders the leather supple. Material in gloves

April Driver gloves – Designed to resist vibration and provide maximum comfort Work gloves are designed to give comfort and ventilation, well padded on palm and breathable back. Winter gloves are designed to give good protection from cold Welder gloves are designed to give maximum protection from heat and metal splashes Cuff Palm Back Material in gloves Parts & Types of a leather glove

April The needle is the main instrument on a knitting machine The gauge represents the numbers of needles in 1 english inch (= 2,54 cms)  The higher the gauge is, the finer the glove is (better dexterity and sensibility) Gauge 2. Textile Material in gloves

April CottonPolyesterPolyamide Polyester Polyamide  Resistance to abrasion and tearing  Elasticity  washable Natural textile fibre Synthetic fibre Very good resistance to abrasion and tearing  Could be blend with wool and cotton  Similar to Nylon Synthetic fibre  Very good resistance to abrasion and tearing  Elasticity and ergonomic  Washable Cotton Material in gloves

April Knitted support Cut & Sewn support The higher the gauge better dexterity and sensibility. More thicker the support better are the mechanical performances  The support is thin & comfortable  Good resistance to tearing Flocking support Powder of cotton inside the glove  Absorption of transpiration  Comfort Material in gloves

April Dotting is a process used which bestows its gloves with a superior grip, thus improving the quality of the finished products. The inherent Anti-Slip property of such Dotted Gloves helps in avoiding untoward accidents. This process involves the imprinting of PVC dots on the gloves, using an semi-automatic Rotary Screen Printing Machine Material in gloves Textile knitted gloves - Dotting

April PPE Regulation CE standards Objectives: 1) 1) Understand the importance to wear PPE (Law  Compulsory) 2) Identify the differences between the categories of risks

April  Basis Principles:  To avoid risks  To estimate risks that can not be avoided  To fight against the origin of the risk  To adapt work to worker  To follow technological development  To inform and train workers  To give priority to collective protection EN Regulation 89/656/CEE Users/Employers Directive Directive compulsory for all EN Members

April  General Requirements for PPE:  Design principles (Ergonomics)  Innocuousness (No risks for user)  Comfort and efficiency  Information Supplied 89/686/CEE Manufacturers Directive  The standard defines 3 categories of PPE according to the level of hazards : Categories Level User Information Technical documentation Self-Certification CE Type Examination Quality Control System Mark I Minors X X X X II Intermediate III X Irreversible/Mortal XX XX X EN Regulation

April EN Standards - Gloves EN 420 This standard defines the general requirements for glove design and construction, innocuousness, comfort and efficiency, marking and information applicable to all protective gloves. EN 388 Protection against mechanical hazards is expressed by a pictogram followed by four numbers (performance levels), each representing test performance against a specific hazard. EN 407 This standard specifies the test methods and the general requirements, the classification and the marking of gloves for protection against heat and/or fire (flames, contact heat, convective heat, radiant heat, small metal splashes or large projections of molten metal). EN 374 This standard specifies the capability of gloves to protect the user against chemicals and/or micro-organisms. EN 511 This standard applies to any gloves to protect the hands against convective and contact cold down to –50 °C.

April EN 420 Requirements Glove Construction and Design Gloves have to offer the greatest possible degree of protection in the foreseeable conditions of end use When seams are included, the strength of these seams should not reduce the overall performance of the glove. Innocuousness The gloves themselves shouldn’t cause any harm to the user pH of the glove should be between 3.5 and 9.5 Chromium (VI) content should be below detection (less than 3 ppm) Natural rubber gloves shall be tested on extractable proteins as per EN SIZE AND DIMENSIONS AS PER STANDARD EN420 SIZEHAND CIRCUMFERENCE MIN PALM WIDTH MIN PALM LENGTH Cleaning Instructions If care instructions are provided, the levels of performance should not be reduced after the maximum recommended number of cleaning cycles.

April  All products need to meet the requirements in directive 89/686/CEE, clearly identified by a standardized label  Brand logo  The product reference;  The size;  Information tag indicating that instruction manual is available for the product;  The standarization pictogram(s) with their performance ratings EN 420 Typical Example

April EN 388 a b c d This standard applies to all kinds of protective gloves in respect of physical and mechanical aggressions caused by abrasion, blade cut, puncture and tearing. Test a. Abrasion resistance (cycles)< b. Blade cut resistance (factor)< c. Tear resistance (newton)< d. Puncture resistance (newton)<

April TEARING RESISTANCE TEST CUTTING RESISTANCE TEST ABRASION RESISTANCE TEST

April EN 407 a - Resistance to flammability: based on the length of time the material continues to burn and glow after the source of ignition is removed. The seams of the glove shall not come apart after an ignition time of 15 seconds. b - Contact heat resistance: based on the temperature range ( °C) at which the user will feel no pain for at least 15 seconds. If an EN level 3 or higher is obtained, the product shall record at least EN level 3 in the flammability test. Otherwise, the maximum Contact heat level shall be reported as level 2. c - Convective heat resistance: based on the length of time the glove is able to delay the transfer of heat from a flame. A level of performance shall only be mentioned if a performance level3 or 4 is obtained in the flammability test ab df ce b

April EN 407 d - Radiant heat resistance: based on the length of time the glove is able to delay the transfer of heat when exposed to a radiant heat source. A performance level shall only be mentioned if a performance level 3 or 4 is obtained in the flammability test. e - Resistance to small splashes of molten metal: the number of molten metal drops required to heat the glove sample to a given level. A performance level shall only be mentioned if a performance level 3 or 4 is obtained in the flammability test. f - Resistance to large splashes of molten metal: the weight of molten metal required to cause smoothing or pinholing across a simulated skin placed directly behind the glove sample. The test is failed if metal droplets remain stuck to the glove material or if the specimen ignites abcd e f e f

April EN 374-1: Protective Gloves against micro- organisms and chemical risks EN 374-1: Terminology and required performances EN 374-2: Resistance to penetration (1 to 3) EN 374-3: Resistance to permeation (0 to 6) To carry the chemical pictogram, products must now meet at least level 2 of EN as well as a performance level 2 when tested against three of the following chemicals; For gloves that only meet at least level 2 of EN 374-2, the following pictogram should be used. EN 374

April The ‘Chemical resistant’ glove pictogram must be accompanied by a 3-digit code. This code refers to the code letters of 3 chemicals (from a list of 12 standard defined chemicals), for which a breakthrough time of at least 30 minutes has been obtained. Code Letter ChemicalCas NumberClass AMethanol Primary alcohol BAcetone Ketone CAcetonitrile Nitrile Compound DDichloromethane Chlorinated paraffin ECarbone disulphide Sulphur containing organic compound FToluene Aromatic hydrocarbon GDiethylamine Amine HTetrahydrofurane Heterocyclic and ether compound IEthyl acetate Ester Jn-Heptane Saturated hydrocarbon KSodium hydroxide 40% Inorganic base LSulphuric acid 96% Inorganic mineral acid a b c EN 374 The ‘Micro-organism’ pictogram is to be used when the glove conforms to at least a performance level 2 for the Penetration test.

April EN 511 a b c The ‘cold hazard’ pictogram is accompanied by a 3-digit number: a. Resistance to convective cold (performance level 0 - 4) b. Resistance to contact cold (performance level 0 - 4) c. Permeability by water (0 or 1) All gloves must achieve at least Performance level 1 for abrasion and tear. a - Resistance to convective cold: based on the thermal insulation properties of the glove which are obtained by measuring the transfer of cold via convection. b - Resistance to contact cold: based on the thermal resistance of the glove material when exposed to contact with a cold object. c - Permeability by water: 0 = water penetration after 30 minutes of exposure; 1 = no water penetration. This standard applies to any gloves to protect the hands against convective and contact cold down to –50 °C.

April Choosing the right glove Typical Use Delicate operations General handling Heavy duty Clean room Multi-purpose Chemical handling Laboratory work Medical examination Food use Oils Chemicals Cuts Micro-cuts Static electricity Hydrocarbons Heavy perspiration Abrasion Tears Slips Heat & cold Chemical splashes Viruses and bacteria Risks to be covered

April TaskHazardProtection Lab work, medical, light mechanical operations Mild irritantsDisposable gloves Lab work, light mechanical glovesSlippery objects, mild heat or coldFabric Gloves Welding, plasma cutting, brazing, grinding Sparks or scraping against rough surfaces, electricity Leather gloves (Used in combination with an insulating liner when working with electricity) Cutting or working with other sharp instruments Cuts and scratchesMetal mesh gloves Working with molten materialsIntense heatAluminized gloves Working with corrosive chemicalsCorrosive oils and solventsChemical resistant gloves

April Summary Hands are a precious asset to guide our next generation. Guard them against all odds.

April Thank you! Preeti Mall Mallcom (India) Ltd. Toll free : Images – Courtsey National Safety Council Wikipedia OSHAX.org - The Unofficial Guide To the OSHA