Research in Nursing: Evidence Based Practice Associate Professor Dianne Roy 12 March 2015 droy@unitec.ac.nz

Session Outline Evidence based practice Research Identifying research reports Types of literature Research articles Scholarly opinion articles Finding research

Evidence Based Practice “the integration of the best research evidence with clinical expertise and patient values” (Sackett and others, 2000, as cited in White, 2013, p. 10) A competency requirement for registered nurses in NZ Evidence based decision making is fundamental to providing high quality care to clients Informed by an evaluation of the available evidence An active process involving: Recognised information need Forming a focused clinical question Searching for most appropriate evidence Critically appraising the retrieved evidence Incorporating the evidence into action/practice Evaluating the effects (See McCormack & Crisp, 2013; Thompson et al., 2004)

Research “A systematic process used to confirm and refine existing knowledge and to build new knowledge” (Usher & Mills, 2012, p. 11). Research knowledge sits alongside other forms of knowledge in guiding nursing practice: Tradition and custom Authority Trial and error Personal experience Intuition Reasoning (Review: Usher & Mills, 2012, pp. 7-12)

Linking the domains of research, knowledge, and evidence-based practise (Source: Usher & Mills, 2012, p. 6)

“Research must be critically read and evaluated, as well as aligned with other forms of professional evidence before it can be implemented and practice changed” (Schneider & Whitehead, 2007, p. 5). So what does research look like? How do we access research?

Types of Literature News items Commentaries Scholarly opinion article Research report/article Systematic review The type of article and the journal editorial policy dictates what an article looks like Let’s compare: Scholarly Quantitative Qualitative Look only at abstract

Recognising Research Articles Know the parts of a journal article Abstract - the first clue lies here, but you can be fooled Introduction/background Literature review Aim of the study/research question Study design Ethical considerations Sample/participants Data collection Data analysis Findings/results Discussion Summary/conclusions Scholarly Quantitative Qualitative

How do we find research articles? Hard copy – journal holdings (Unitec Library) Databases – e.g. Ebsco > CINAHL, Medline etc. Specialist data bases (accessed through Unitec Library database list) Joanna Briggs – see example Cochrane Collaboration – access example Websites – check quality of information: Trusted websites Origin (.com, .org, .govt, .ac or .edu) (See, Fitzgerald & Stokes, 2012; Ribbons, 2012 )

References Fitzgerald, L., & Stokes, J. (2012). Using library resources: What, when and how! In S. Borbasi & D. Jackson (Eds.), Navigating the maze of research: Enhancing nursing and midwifery practice (3rd ed., pp. 27-43). Chatswood, NSW: Mosby Elsevier. Lee, K. (2013). Student and infection prevention and control nurses’ hand hygiene decision making in simulated clinical scenarios: A qualitative research study of hand washing, gel and glove use choices. Journal of Infection Prevention, 14(3), 96-103. doi: 10.1177/1757177413484784 McCormack, B., & Crisp, J. (2013). Critical inquiry and practice development. In J. Crisp, C. Taylor, C. Douglas & G. Rebeiro (Eds.), Potter and Perry's Fundamentals of Nursing (4th Australian ed., pp. 55-71). Chatswood, NSW: Elsevier Australia. Osborne, S. (2013). Infection control. In J. Crisp, C. Taylor, C. Douglas & G. Rebeiro (Eds.), Potter and Perry's Fundamentals of Nursing (4th Australian ed., pp. 703-755). Chatswood, NSW: Elsevier Australia. Patrick, M., & Van Wicklin, S. A. (2012). Implementing AORN recommended practices for hand hygiene. AORN Journal, 95(4), 492-509. doi: 10.1016/j.aorn.2012.01.019 Ribbons, B. (2012). Navigating the net: A source of nursing and midwifery knowledge. In S. Borbasi & D. Jackson (Eds.), Navigating the maze of research: Enhancing nursing and midwifery practice (3rd ed., pp. 45-78). Chatswood, NSW: Mosby Elsevier. Thompson, C., Cullum, N., McCaughan, D., Sheldon, T., & Raynor, P. (2004). Nurses, information use, and clinical decision making: The real world potential for evidence-based decisions in nursing. Evidence Based Nursing, 7(3), 68-72. doi: 10.1136/ebn.7.3.68 Usher, K., & Mills, J. (2012). Introduction to nursing and midwifery research. In S. Borbasi & D. Jackson (Eds.), Navigating the maze of research: Enhancing nursing and midwifery practice (3rd ed., pp. 3-26). Chatswood, NSW: Mosby Elsevier. van De Mortel, T. F., Kermode, S., Progano, T., & Sansoni, J. (2012). A comparison of the hand hygiene knowledge, beliefs and practices of Italian nursing and medical students. Journal of Advanced Nursing, 68(3), 569-579. doi: 10.1111/j.1365-2648.2011.05758.x White, J. (2013). Nursing today. In J. Crisp, C. Taylor, C. Douglas & G. Rebeiro (Eds.), Potter and Perry's Fundamentals of Nursing (4th Australian ed., pp. 2-18). Chatswood, NSW: Elsevier Australia.