Sexual Harassment n ABUSE OF POWER n CREATION OF HOSTILE ENVIRONMENT

Flirtation V Harassment n Three things separate flirtation from harassment – Weather you have equal power – Weather you are approached appropriately – Weather you wish to continue contact n Misinterpretation

Harassment in School and College n Grade school and High School “boys teasing girls” n College n In the Workplace

Anti-Gay/Lesbian Harassment, Prejudice, And Discrimination n Heterosexual Bias (Heterosexism) – Ignoring the existence of lesbians and gay men – Segregating lesbians and gay men from heterosexuals – Subsuming gay men and lesbians into larger category

Anti-Gay/Lesbian Harassment, Prejudice, And Discrimination n Prejudice, discrimination, and Violence – Anti-gay prejudice is a strong dislike, fear or hatred of gay men and lesbians because of their homosexuality. – Homophobia is an irrational or phobic fear of gay men and lesbians. – Offensive language – Discrimination – Violence

Anti-Gay/Lesbian Harassment, Prejudice, And Discrimination – Effects on Heterosexuals – Discrimination and Antidiscrimination Laws – Causes if anti-gay prejudice include n Insecurity concerning own sexuality and gender identity n Strong fundamentalist religious orientation n Simple ignorance – Ending Anti-Gay Prejudice

Sexual Aggression n Rape – Rape myths n Women Want To Be Raped n Women Ask For It n Women Are Raped Only By Stranger n Women Could Avoid Rape If They Really Wanted To n Women Cry Rape For Revenge n Rapists Are Crazy Or Psychotic n Most Rapists Are Black Men

Sexual Aggression – Forms of Rape n a)Date Rape n b)Stranger Rape n c)Marital Rape n d)Gang Rape n e)Statutory Rape n f)Male Rape

Sexual Aggression – 3.Motivation for Rape n a)Anger Rape n b)Power Rape n c)Sadistic Rape – 4.The Aftermath of Rape – 5.Rape Trauma Syndrome – 6.Effects On Sexuality

VI.Child Sexual Abuse n Any sexual interaction (including fondling, sexual kissing, and oral sex, as well as vaginal or anal penetration) between an adult and a prepubertal child. n Girls 3 times more often than boys

VI.Child Sexual Abuse n Extrafamilial abuse – Unrelated perpetrator n Intrafamilial abuse – Biologically related perpetrator n Nonpedophilic sexual abuse – Sexual abuse of a child that is not sexually motivated n Power and affection

VI.Child Sexual Abuse n Four preconditions that need to be met by the offender for sexual abuse to occur – 1)motivation to sexually abuse a child n A) emotional congruence n B) sexual arousal toward the child n C) blockage (other forms of sexual gratification not available or not satisfying) David Finkelhor (1984)

VI.Child Sexual Abuse n Four preconditions that need to be met by the offender for sexual abuse to occur – 2)overcoming internal inhibition against acting on motivation n Poor impulse control n ETOH n Drugs David Finkelhor (1984)

VI.Child Sexual Abuse n Four preconditions that need to be met by the offender for sexual abuse to occur – 3)Overcoming external obstacles to committing sexual abuse n Child supervision David Finkelhor (1984)

VI.Child Sexual Abuse n Four preconditions that need to be met by the offender for sexual abuse to occur – 4)Undermining or overcoming a child’s potential resistance to the abuse. n Force n Psychologically targets – Insecure – Needy \unsupported – Offers of bribes, attention, affection David Finkelhor (1984)

VI.Child Sexual Abuse n Four preconditions that need to be met by the offender for sexual abuse to occur – 4)Undermining or overcoming a child’s potential resistance to the abuse. n Young n Naïve n Special relationship to cabuser – Friend, neighbor, priest, or family member David Finkelhor (1984)

Incest n Incest – Sex between relatives that can not be legally married

Father-Daughter Sexual Abuse n The most traumatic form

Brother-Sister Sexual Abuse n Can be exploitative or nonexploitative n Exploitative is more damaging n Brother sister age difference is an important factor n Should be considered for more research

Uncle-Niece Sexual Abuse n A significant source of sexual abuse n One study found it to be more common than Father-Daughter abuse

Children at Risk n Children Who – Are female – Are preadolescent year-olds – Have absent or unavailable parents – Have poor relationship with parents – Have parents in conflict – Live with a stepfather

Effects of Child Sexual Abuse n Emotional disturbances n Physical consequences n Sexual disturbances n Social disturbances

Effects of Child Sexual Abuse (Long Term) n Depression n Self-destructive tendencies n Somatic disturbances and dissociation n negative self-concept n Interpersonal relationship difficulties n Re-victimization n Sexual problems

Trauma n Traumatic sexualization n Betrayal n Powerlessness (fear anxiety) n Stigmatization

Treatment n Work at several levels at once n Long term n Treat victim and perpetrator n Treat the whole family and individual inter- relation

PREVENTION n Good and bad touching n Supervision n Educating adults, children and professionals n Teach children to tell adults about abuse n Parents should ask children what is happening in their lives