FORENSIC PATHOLOGY Rape

P.C. 261 – An act of sexual intercourse with person not spouse of accused. Incapable of giving legal consent Against will by force, violence, duress, menace of fear, intoxicated, unconscious, by trick, threat of future retaliation, threaten as an authority; such as a public official Any penetration of vaginal area

Rape P.C. 289 – Penetration with a foreign object in genital or anal openings

Rape P.C. 286 – Sodomy; Sexual contact with penis in a person’s anus.

Rape Rape of a female – Carnal Knowledge Slightest penetration of the labia minora by penis – Force Use of violence, threat of violence, coercion – Commission without Consent

Rape Living Victim – Collection of evidence by forensic nurse or qualified physician

Rape Important questions to be asked: – Did perpetrator’s penis penetrate vulva? – Did perpetrator experience orgasm? – Did assailant wear a condom? – Was there anal and/or oral intercourse? – Was there any drugs and/or alcohol involved?

Rape Rape Kit Written witnessed consent Collection of specimens – Including victim’s panties Release of information to authorities Photographs Date and time of assault

Rape Collection of Evidence – Examine Clothing and collect – Examine patient for bruises, lacerations, bite marks Swab bite marks for DNA Photograph marks, use metric ruler in photo – Collect fingernails – Examine pubic hair – Examine external and internal genitalia Collect vaginal culture

Rape A study of over 400 rape victims showed that only about 35% demonstrate evidence of trauma Only 62% had spermatazoa present in vaginal smear

Rape Rape – Homicide – Violent – Stranger crimes – Typically one assailant – Usually strangulation, stabbing or BFT Force is excessive, mutilation of body

Rape

Collection of evidence by Medical Examiner or Coroner – Don’t examine body at scene for assault May lose trace evidence

Rape Transport the Body – Bag hands Use paper Won’t lose trace evidence or pick up extraneous sources

Rape Examination of Body – Do not handle body before exam – Examine hands first Look for materials clutched in hand Look for materials under fingernails

Rape Examine Clothing – Examine clothing while still on body – Undress body and reexamine clothing

Rape Examine Nude Body – Evidence of trauma – X-rays – Photographs – Comb pubic hair – Pluck pubic hair DNA mtDNA

Rape Examine Nude Body – Sample Vaginal Pool Spermatazoa Acid Photsphatase Test P30

Rape Examine Nude Body – Spermatazoa Living Individual – Motile sperm up to 12h in vaginal pool – Non-motile sperm up to 2 – 3 days – Must have several sperm to be consistent with recent rape – Motile sperm in cervix up to 7 days Dead Person – Can be found several years after the event

Rape Examine Nude Body – Acid Phosphatase Living Individual – Up to 72h after sexual intercourse – Secreted from Prostate Gland

Rape Examine Nude Body – Living Individual P30 – semen-specific glycoprotein – From prostate gland – 24h after intercourse

Rape Examine Nude Body – Bite Marks Individual as a fingerprint Swab for DNA Photograph May even take impressions

Rape Homosexual Rape – Usually of children or prisoners – Homosexual related homicides “Over-kill” – Bizarre – Torture