Violence and Abuse: Creating Healthy Environments Copyright © 2003 Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Benjamin Cummings Health: The Basics

Copyright © 2003 Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Benjamin Cummings Introduction Facts Violence indicates a set of behaviors that produce injuries Intentional violence- Injuries that are not an accident Unintentional violence- Injuries that are an accident

Copyright © 2003 Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Benjamin Cummings Violence in the United States Causes of Violence PovertyAnger UnemploymentSubstance Abuse Parental influence Cultural beliefs The media Stress Discrimination

Copyright © 2003 Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Benjamin Cummings Intentional Injuries Uncalled for Violence Assault/Homicide Bias and hate crimes (Prejudice/Discrimination) Gang violence

Copyright © 2003 Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Benjamin Cummings Table 4.1: Rates of Violent Deaths among Young Adults–United States, 1999 (rates per 100,000)

Copyright © 2003 Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Benjamin Cummings Intentional Injuries Terrorism The use of unlawful force or violence against persons or property to intimidate or coerce a government, the civilian population, or any segment thereof, in furtherance of political or social objectives (FBI). Domestic terrorism International terrorism

Copyright © 2003 Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Benjamin Cummings Intentional Injuries Terrorism (continued) You can do the following things to reduce the risk of terrorist attacks: Be aware of your own reactions to stress/anxiety/fear Be more conscious of your surroundings Keep informed Seek understanding Seek information Know what to do in case of a disaster or emergency.

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Copyright © 2003 Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Benjamin Cummings Intentional Injuries Domestic Violence: violent or aggressive behavior within the home, typically involving the violent abuse of a spouse or partner. Victims are usually women Every 15 seconds someone batters a woman About 5 women are killed each day by domestic violence 3 of every 4 women murdered are so at the hands of their husband

Copyright © 2003 Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Benjamin Cummings Intentional Injuries Men as Victims of Domestic Violence 12% report abuse by their wife Frequency of physical aggression may be similar Women are injured far more often than men Injuries are less severe in men Men do not usually report intimidation by abuser

Copyright © 2003 Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Benjamin Cummings Intentional Injuries Child Abuse- physical maltreatment or sexual molestation of a child Child Neglect- Not taking care of childs basic needs. (feeding, bathing,ect.) Children in homes with domestic violence are at greatest risk Child abuse systematic abuse by caregiver Usually perpetrated by a parent Exists in all genders, social, ethnic, religious, and racial groups

Copyright © 2003 Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Benjamin Cummings Intentional Injuries Common characteristics of child abusers Abused themselves Poor self-image Feelings of isolation Extreme frustration with life High stress and anxiety Tendency to abuse drugs and alcohol

Copyright © 2003 Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Benjamin Cummings Intentional Injuries Child Sexual Abuse Any sexually suggestive conversation to intercourse Often the child’s parent or companion 20-30% of women report child sexual abuse Most often occurs in child’s home

Copyright © 2003 Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Benjamin Cummings Intentional Injuries High Risk Child lives without one biological parent Mother is unavailable Parents’ marriage is unhappy Child has a poor relationship with his or her parents Child lives with stepfather

Copyright © 2003 Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Benjamin Cummings Intentional Injuries Two disturbing facts 99% of the inmates in maximum security prison at San Quentin were abused or raised in abusive households 300,000 children between ages 8-15 live on the streets to avoid abuse at home

Copyright © 2003 Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Benjamin Cummings Sexual Victimization Sexual Assault and Rape Sexual battery is the single greatest cause of injury to women Sexual assault Rape Aggravated rape (multiple attackers) Simple rape (one attacker) Date or acquaintance rape

Copyright © 2003 Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Benjamin Cummings Sexual Victimization Social Contributors to Sexual Assault Minimization Trivialization Blaming the victim “Boys will be boys” Male peer pressure Male socialization Male attitudes

Copyright © 2003 Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Benjamin Cummings Sexual Victimization Social Contributors to Sexual Assault (continued) “Boys will be boys” (continued) Male sexual history and hostility Male misperceptions “she wanted it” Situational factors

Copyright © 2003 Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Benjamin Cummings Crimes on Campus: A Safe Haven? Sexual Assault on Campus 25-60% of men reported engaging in coercive behavior 27% of women report experiencing rape or attempted rape Believed to be seriously underreported

Copyright © 2003 Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Benjamin Cummings Reducing Risks Self-Defense Against Rape Take Control Increase awareness Learn self-defense techniques Take reasonable precautions Self-confidence Use good judgment Avoid common traps (requests/offers for help)

Copyright © 2003 Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Benjamin Cummings Reducing Risks Self-Defense Against Rape (continued) Don’t walk alone Travel in well-lit areas

Copyright © 2003 Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Benjamin Cummings Figure 4.2: Preventing Personal Assaults.

Copyright © 2003 Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Benjamin Cummings What To Do If a Rape Occurs If you are a victim Call 911 Do not bathe Go to a clinic or hospital Contact an assistance hotline

Copyright © 2003 Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Benjamin Cummings What To Do If a Rape Occurs If a friend is the victim Believe them Recognize they are a victim Encourage a doctor visit Encourage reporting the crime Encourage counseling

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