AGENDA Bellringer Review Questions Index Card: Gandhi

REVIEW QUESTIONS What two events did Gandhi inspire to protest British imperialism?  Textile Boycott and Salt March What new country was established during the partition of India?  Pakistan Why was India partitioned into two separate countries?  Stop the fighting between Hindus and Muslims What is a Sikh?  Religion that is a mixture of Islam and Hinduism How to Gandhi protest the violence between Indians and Hindus?  21 Day Fast What event was the tipping point for the Indian Nationalist movement?  Amritsar Massacre

ASSASSINATION OF GANDHI Assassinated by one of his own (an Indian Hindu) The assassin believed that Gandhi was too kind and appeased to the Muslims Wanted retaliation against Muslims and against partition – so they shot him

INDEX CARD: GANDHI Create a card for Gandhi Who was he? Where was he from? What did he do?

MOHANDAS (MAHATMA) GANDHI Leader of Indian Nationalist Movement Textile boycott and Salt March Efforts led to Indian Independence in 1947 Civil Disobedience

CHINESE NATIONALISM READING Grab a textbook and complete page 3 of blue packet

REVIEW QUESTIONS What continent is China on?  Asia Why was China isolated?  Himalaya mountains, gobi/taklamakan deserts, pacific ocean What trade route was created by the Han dynasty?  Silk Road What Imperial power controlled China via spheres of influence?  Great Britain What were the terms of the Treaty of Nanjing?  GB got Hong Kong, all trade rights (open door), and extraterritorial rights

AGENDA Bellringer Review Questions Notes: Chinese Nationalism Exit Ticket

REVIEW QUESTIONS What was Gandhi’s preferred method of protest?  Civil disobedience What event was the tipping point for the Indian independence movement?  Amritsar Massacre What was the Salt March?  Peaceful march to ocean led by Gandhi to make own salt What was the Homespun Act?  Also known as Textile Boycott – Indians make their own clothing What trade route was built by the Han Dynasty?  Silk Road What were the terms of the Treaty of Nanjing?  Extraterritorial rights for British, GB controls all trade (open door), GB gets Hong Kong, Chinese pay reparations

AGENDA Bellringer Review Questions Notes: Chinese Nationalism Exit Ticket

REVIEW QUESTIONS Why was India Partitioned?  Fighting between Hindus and Muslims What new country was created during the partition?  Pakistan How did Gandhi protest violence between the two groups?  21 Day Fast What area is still contested and fought over today?  Kashmir What is a Sikh?  Religion that blends Islam and Hinduism What is the name of the Nationalist party in China?  Kuomintang Who was the leader of the Communist party in China?  Mao Zedong

CHINESE NATIONALISM

OBJECTIVES Students will identify the difference in principles between the nationalist and communist parties of China

HISTORICAL CIRCUMSTANCE Qing Dynasty was the dynasty ruling China during the Taiping and Boxer rebellions Obviously because of these rebellions, the Qing had lost the Mandate of Heaven Sun Yixian (yat-sen) is going to be the leader that leads the revolt to replace the Qing dynasty….

SUN YIXIAN (YAT-SEN) Had three nationalist principles of reform that he used to rally support:  1. Nationalism  End foreign rule of China  2. Peoples’ Rights  Understanding of natural rights as opposed to absolutism  3. Livelihood  Ensuring all Chinese had basic needs provided for (socialist)

SUN YIXIAN (YAT-SEN) 1911 the peasants, students, and workers of China toppled the Qing Dynasty – upset with imperialism supported Kuomintang parties three principles Sun became the President of the Chinese Republic His political party was the nationalist party called the Kuomintang

REVIEW How is a republic different from a democracy?  Democracy: every citizen votes on everything  Republic: citizens elect representatives to vote on everything What empire had the first republic?  Rome

SUN YIXIAN

In 1912 Sun resigned as president, died in 1925 He was unable to unite rival factions and thought that stepping down might inspire the factions to set aside their differences for a better China That didn’t happen…

MAY FOURTH MOVEMENT Instead of unifying, the rival Chinese warlords intensify their fighting for power May Fourth Movement: May 4, Students protest Japanese colonies in China and want China to modernize (westernize, industrialize)

JIANG JIESHI (CHIANG KAISHEK) Took over Kuomintang (nationalist) party after Sun died At the same time a new political party was formed: the communist party led by Mao Zedong

JIANG JIESHI (CHIANG KAISHEK) Leader of Chinese Kuomintang party (nationalist)

MAO ZEDONG Leader of Chinese Communist Party

ANALYTICAL INTERPRETATION Why do you think each man dressed the way they did for these photos?

MAO ZEDONG Mao was still promising peasants a great life under communism so he had their support Jiang feared that the peasants would revolt because of Mao Jiang sent soldiers to surround Mao’s camp

LONG MARCH Mao and his supporters left their camp and ran away. Long March: 6000 miles march north to evade Jiangs’ army. Thousands of Chinese died, but the communists survived by hiding in caves

LONG MARCH

MAO AND JIAN JOIN FORCES... For all their differences they had one very important similarity – both parties want a united, successful China While China is full of anarchy, Japan sees its opportunity… Japan invades China and these two men join together to fight back….

INVASION BY JAPAN When the Japanese invaded, the Chinese troops withdrew to the other side of Huang He River to prepare, regroup for battle… While the military was preparing, the Japanese committed acts of atrocities against Chinese citizens…

RAPE OF NANKING (NANJING) Unprecedented and uncontrolled butchery lasting six weeks Modern day historians label this as attempted genocide As the Japanese soldiers poured into the city of Nanjing, every living being was shot, bayoneted People were taken from their homes and to open fields where they were shot, beheaded, used for bayonet practice, burnt alive, buried alive, etc…

RAPE OF NANJING This picture was published and caused international outcry…

CARNAGE Approximately 20,000 women were sexually assaulted; including young girls, older women, pregnant women Men were forced to assault, rape, kill their own families for the enjoyment of the Japanese Sometimes referred to as the “Forgotten Holocaust” “gendercide” against men

RAPE OF NANJING

Over 300,000 Chinese are slaughtered…

MAO AND JIANG…. Their story isn’t finished…. But I hope you can see why they united their forces for a common good...

EXIT TICKET What was the Long March?  Communist march of 6,000 miles under Mao to survive attack by Nationalists What types of people supported the Communist party?  Peasants, farmers, poor What types of people supported the Kuomintang party?  Middle/upper class, wealthy, merchants, business owners What were the three nationalist principles established by Sun Yatsen?  Nationalism, Livelihood, Land Who took over the Kuomintang party after Sun died?  Jiang Jieshi (Chang Kaishek)

INFERENCE Based on what you already know – What country do you think is going to support the Communist Party? What country do you think is going to support the nationalist Party?