A merican C ivicsHOLT HOLT, RINEHART AND WINSTON1 Chapter 16 Citizenship and the Law Section 1:Crime in the United States Section 2:The Criminal Justice System Section 3:Juvenile Crime

A merican C ivicsHOLT HOLT, RINEHART AND WINSTON2 Chapter 16 OBJECTIVES  What is the difference between a crime against a person and a crime against property?  What are some different types of crime?  What are some causes of crime, and how is crime fought? Section 1:Crime in the United States

A merican C ivicsHOLT HOLT, RINEHART AND WINSTON3 Chapter 16 Crimes against persons: Violent crimes—homicide, hate crimes, aggravated assault, or forcible rape Section 1:Crime in the United States

A merican C ivicsHOLT HOLT, RINEHART AND WINSTON4 Chapter 16 Crime against property:  The majority of crimes  Involves stealing or destroying property— petty larceny, grand larceny, vandalism, or arson  Robbery involves property and persons. Section 1:Crime in the United States

A merican C ivicsHOLT HOLT, RINEHART AND WINSTON5 Chapter 16 Different types of crime:  Homicide, aggravated assault, forcible rape, larceny, vandalism, arson, robbery  Hate crimes—violent crimes committed because of prejudice  Victimless—gambling and sale, possession, and use of illegal drugs  White collar—committed by people in their work; stealing, embezzlement, and fraud  Organized—a crime syndicate of career criminals; provides illegal goods and services; uses violence as a tool Section 1:Crime in the United States

A merican C ivicsHOLT HOLT, RINEHART AND WINSTON6 Chapter 16 Causes of crime:  Poverty  Illegal drug use  Permissive society  Urbanization Section 1:Crime in the United States

A merican C ivicsHOLT HOLT, RINEHART AND WINSTON7 Chapter 16 Fighting crime:  1994—National crime bill includes tougher sentences and grants for police officers and new jails.  Crime prevention education is taught in some schools. Section 1:Crime in the United States

A merican C ivicsHOLT HOLT, RINEHART AND WINSTON8 Chapter 16 OBJECTIVES  What are the duties of police officers, and how do people become police officers?  What happens to a suspect after he or she is arrested?  How are criminals punished? Section 2:The Criminal Justice System

A merican C ivicsHOLT HOLT, RINEHART AND WINSTON9 Chapter 16 Police Officers  Protect life and property, prevent crime, and arrest violators  Protect individual rights, maintain peace, and control traffic  Act as peacemakers, advisers, protectors, and community members Section 2:The Criminal Justice System

A merican C ivicsHOLT HOLT, RINEHART AND WINSTON10 Chapter 16 Police Officers (continued)  Education, background check, aptitude tests, physical and psychological exams are required.  Academies teach law, community relations, gathering evidence, arrest procedures, records keeping, first aid, weapon use, and other physical skills. Section 2:The Criminal Justice System

A merican C ivicsHOLT HOLT, RINEHART AND WINSTON11 Chapter 16 After a suspect is arrested:  Suspect is entitled to due process before questioning.  Preliminary hearing—evidence evaluated and charges dropped or trial is set; bail set  Indictment—a formal charge is made  Arraignment—suspect makes a plea before a judge  Trial—defendant is presumed innocent; a judge presides and a jury deliberates the case presented by the prosecution and the defense  Sentencing—judge decides the punishment; some states have mandatory sentences for certain crimes Section 2:The Criminal Justice System

A merican C ivicsHOLT HOLT, RINEHART AND WINSTON12 Chapter 16 Punishing lawbreakers:  Fines  Imprisonment (People hold different views of its purpose: retribution, deterrence, rehabilitation, or social protection.)  Parole (Early release based on good behavior; overcrowding has forced paroles.)  Capital punishment (Opponents believe it violates the Eighth Amendment; it remains controversial.) Section 2:The Criminal Justice System

A merican C ivicsHOLT HOLT, RINEHART AND WINSTON13 Chapter 16 OBJECTIVES  What are some possible causes of juvenile crime?  How has the judicial system changed the way it handles juveniles?  What happens when juveniles are charged and found guilty of breaking the law? Section 3:Juvenile Crime

A merican C ivicsHOLT HOLT, RINEHART AND WINSTON14 Chapter 16 Possible causes of juvenile crime:  Poor home conditions  Poor neighborhood conditions  Gang membership  Dropping out of school and unemployment  Alcohol and drugs  Peer pressure Section 3:Juvenile Crime

A merican C ivicsHOLT HOLT, RINEHART AND WINSTON15 Chapter 16 The judicial system has changed the way it handles juveniles:  Prior to late 1800s—Juveniles at least seven years old were tried in adult courts and sentenced to prison or death.  1870s—Reformers argued juveniles required special understanding.  Juvenile court system was set up to re-educate offenders. Section 3:Juvenile Crime

A merican C ivicsHOLT HOLT, RINEHART AND WINSTON16 Chapter 16 The judicial system has changed the way it handles juveniles: (continued)  Hearings determine guilt or innocence of juvenile offenders.  1967—Supreme Court granted juveniles the right of due process.  Juveniles do not have the right to a jury trial. Section 3:Juvenile Crime

A merican C ivicsHOLT HOLT, RINEHART AND WINSTON17 Chapter 16 Juveniles charged and found guilty  may be placed in a foster home.  may be sent to a corrections facility like a training school.  may be given probation.  may be sent to a boot camp. Juveniles charged with felonies are often tried in adult courts and punished accordingly. Section 3:Juvenile Crime