What are these figures? 36,376 9,838 38,060 1

Driving safety Module three Topic two

Why Drive Safely? 1.Accident costs much 2.Tourist expectation not met 3.Driver expectation not met 4.Government is concern

Accident costs? Physical damage Property damage Medical costs Liability costs 1. Damage to: Your vehicle Yours and passengers’ property Other vehicle/s 2. Injuries. 4

Driving Safety Statistics Someone is injured every 18 seconds A person dies in a crash every 11 minutes Over 2 million injuries annually are disabling Motor vehicle accidents are the most common cause of death 1 in 4 fatal work injuries involves a vehicle accident. 5

Road Traffic Accidents: The modern Killer Globally 1.2 million die in road accidents every year A further 50 million are injured * Next Generation Healthcare/ WHO The Global Status Report released by WHO this year confirms that road traffic injuries are still a big global health and development problem. 6

Global Road accident deaths * Next Generation Healthcare/ WHO 7

Global deaths: income group * Next Generation Healthcare/ WHO Low income countries Middle income countries High income countries 21.5 deaths per 100, deaths per 100, deaths per 100,000 8

Global Deaths Vs Registered vehicles * Next Generation Healthcare/ WHO PopulationRoad traffic deaths Registered vahicles High income countries Middle income countries Low income countries 9

Viet Nam: number of accidents, deaths and injuries 10

Viet Nam traffic accidents Highest number of traffic accidents compared with other ASEAN countries One of the highest number of traffic accidents in the world. 11

Some accidents Dìn Ký tourist boat - 16 died - Driver: no driving license A collision between a tourist bus and a train in Hanoi: 9 died. 12

Tourists expectation Life is not at risk Healthy and safe Enjoy the trip and local tourist attractions. 13

Driver expectation Safe and sound journey for ALL No risks for driver’s own health No damage for vehicles No damage for others’ health and properties. Achieve Company’s expectation of high standards of performance, including safe driving. 14

Government’s efforts 1.National Traffic Safety Committee chaired by a Deputy Prime Minister 2.Provincial Traffic Safety Committee 3.Traffic safety campaigns 4.TV news programme on traffic safety every morning 5.Safety driving education 15

Causes of traffic accidents in Vietnam 1.90% by Traffic attendants 2.Less than 2% by Traffic infrastructure 3.1% by Traffic vehicle 4.60% accidents caused by drunken drivers 16

Recognize Driving Hazards 1.Do you identify the variety of driving hazards you could face on the road? 17

Recognize Driving Hazards: Human Error - Drivers 1. Skills and experiences 2. Driving attitude 3. Personal moods and emotion 4. Reckless driving 5. Distracted driving 6. Fatigue, tired, … 7. Failure to keep vehicles in good operating condition 8. Driving under the influence. 18

3 Driving hazards: Dangerous Conditions 1.Bad weather 2.Difficult road conditions 3.Poor light or glare 4.Poor visibility 5.Heavy traffic 6.Road work 7.Accidents 8.Vehicles

Identify 5 driving hazards caused by human error Activity Driving Hazards: Quiz Reckless driving 20 Distracted driving Fatigue Aggressive driving Vehicles in poor operating condition Driving under the influence

Identify 5 driving hazards caused by dangerous conditions Activity Driving Hazards: Quiz Bad weather 21 Difficult road conditions Poor light or glare Heavy traffic Road work Accidents

Factors that help driving safely Environment Driver Vehicle Driving safely The most important is the… 22

Defensive driving Driving to save lives, time, and money, in spite of the conditions around you and the actions of others (Source: ) Using knowledge and skills to drive in such a way that: - Do not cause accidents - Do not involve in accidents. -Not being in a conditions to invite accident. 23

FIVE key principles of defensive driving KnowledgeAlertnessForesightSkillGood judgment 24

Activity Posters: Steps of Defensive Driving Draw a picture that clearly presents the 5 steps of Defensive Driving! 1.Search or Scan 2.Identify 3.Predict 4.Decide 5.Execute 25

What are the precautions for defensive driving? 26

How do you prepare your tourist vehicle in case of bad weather? Work in 3 groups of 6-8 persons for discussion (10 min.) and prepare for group presentation (3 min. max.): Group 1: Prepare taxi – mini bus – coach Group 2: Prepare motorbike – xe om Group 3: Prepare cyclo Activity 3.2.7: Problem solving & experience sharing. 27

Pre-driving preparation Problem solving & experience sharing: How do you prepare your vehicle in case of bad weather: rain, sunny, … to serve tourist? 28

Eliminate driving hazards: Pre-Drive Inspection Lights working properly Walk around inspection Tires Leaks under vehicle Windows clean, nothing blocking vision Mirrors properly adjusted 29

Eliminate driving hazards: Vehicle Maintenance Regular tune-ups and check: daily, weekly and periodically Oil changes Fluid levels Brakes Tire treads and pressure Lights, signals, and wipers, mirrors. 30

Eliminate driving hazards Adults and children over 6 years who drive or sit on motorbike have to wear helmet. Wear a helmet 31

Don’t Drink or Take Drugs and Drive Alcohol and drugs impair: - Ability to determine distances - Reaction time - Judgment -Vision Some medicines can also make drivers drowsy (e.g. cold and flu meds, anti-histamines, etc.) Remember: - Only time, not coffee, will sober you up - Ride with a designated driver. 32

Eliminate driving hazards: Seat belts Seat Belts Saved many lives, both driver and passengers (if seat belts are provided) Prevent crashing into steering wheel, dash or windshield Keep us inside vehicle Protect body organs Improve chance of remaining conscious Keep us behind the wheel if we have to swerve or brake suddenly. Fasten Seat Belts 33

Eliminate driving hazards: Carrying a Load? Don’t overload your vehicle or motor-taxi Make sure everyone has a seat and a seat belt Make sure cargo is properly secured Be certain your vision is not blocked. 34

Obey Traffic Rules & Use Common Sense Speed limits Traffic signs and signals Signal your intentions: before overtaking, changing direction or reversing Pass with care and only where allowed. 35

Follow the 3-second rule Input text 36

Maintain a minimum safe distance with driver s in front Do not drive too close Foresee situations and avoid brake too urgently. 37

Do you use mobile phone when driving? Should you? DO NOT. It makes you distracted ! You need to keep alert all the time. At the speed of 110 KM/Hours….. Normal Drink alcohol Using mobile phone (with headphone) Using mobile phone (in hands) 31 Meters 35 Meters 39 Meters 45 Meters 38

Activity 3.2.8: Problem solving: Group Work Work in groups of 4-6 to solve driving problems. Each group must solve a problem (in 10 minutes) and present it to the rest of the class in 3 minutes for class discussion. Group 1: - What would you do to keep alert and be prepared? - How can you avoid the unexpected collisions? Group 2: - What should be considered when driving tourists in a vehicle (cyclo, xe om, taxi,) in heavy rain or flooded street? - What do you do to adjust to weather & road conditions Group 3: - What are extra care if driving at night and trouble with lights? - What would you do when passing an intersection? Group 4: - What would you do for watching out for fatigue - What would you do if you get unexpected traffic? Group 5: - What would you do when driving on a slope? - What would you do at a curve road? 39

Activity 3.2.8: What would you do to keep alert & be prepared? – Group 1 Keep your mind on your driving and your hands on the wheel Scan the road ahead for problems Check mirrors frequently Expect the unexpected Yield to other drivers who are determined to get there first 40

Avoid Collisions Collision situations: Two-car collisions are among the most common kind of traffic accident 41 Insert text

How can you avoid the following unexpected collisions? 42 Insert text

How to break and stop safely? Observe Anticipate Decide Act Time – Stop. Brake & release: will help 1.Avoid skidding 2.Dry the break wheel 3.Check break if works 4.Alert the vehicle behind. Break and stop urgently may cause accidents! 43

What is the safe parking distance? Tourist Minibus Meters 44

What is the safe parking distance? Meters 45 Tourist coach

What is the safe parking distance? Motorbike Meters 46

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Activity 3.2.8: What would you do & why? – Group 2 Problem solving: Driving tourists in a vehicle (cyclo, xe om, taxi, …) in heavy rain or flooded street? 48

What do you do to adjust to Weather & Road Conditions Slow down, maintain appropriate speed Turn on lights and wipers Increase following distance to 4 seconds Avoid puddles Beware of misty rain after a dry spell Be prepared to handle a skid safely. Don’t break urgently Beware oil on the road in wet weather Don't impede the flow of traffic Stop safely if necessary 49

Activity : What are extra care if driving at night & trouble with lights? – Group 3 Keep windshield clean to improve vision Turn lights on 1/2 hour before sunset Increase following distance to 4 seconds Be extra careful on curves and at intersections Switch from high to low beams to keep from blinding other drivers If you have trouble, pull completely off the road and use flashers. 50

What would you do when passing an intersection? Clearly decide your direction Show your intention Rule of yielding to other drivers Watch out the road for problems. 51

Activity 3.2.8: What would you do for watching out for fatigue – Group 4 Be especially careful during late night, early morning, and mid-afternoon hours Stop, take a nap, or get some exercise if you’re tired Stop every so often over long distances Avoid medications that cause drowsiness. 52

What would you do if you get unexpected traffic? Keep your emotions in check Take steps to stay relaxed no matter what Allow enough time to get there Don’t provoke other drivers Report aggressive drivers to the police 53

Activity 3.2.8: What would you do when driving on a slope? – Group 5 Key in Vietnamese text 54

What would you do at a curve/bending road? text Vietnamese text 50KM 40KM 35KM 30KM 25KM 15KM 70KM 50KM 45KM 40KM 35KM 25KM 100KM 50KM 40KM 30KM 20KM 10KM text 55

Activity 3.2.9: Handle unexpected problems What are unexpected problems with: - Passengers - Car/Vehicle - Routes and how to handle these? 56

Activity : Flashcard Game Name the pictures provided to show the safety driving checklist for: - Driving a taxi or a tourist car -Driving a mini-bus or a coach. Handout: - Taxi driver’s checklist - Coach/minibus driver’s checklist. 57