Chapter Eleven – Forensic DNA Analysis FRSC 8104 Criminalistics II Professor Bensley.

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Presentation transcript:

Chapter Eleven – Forensic DNA Analysis FRSC 8104 Criminalistics II Professor Bensley

FRSC 8104 – DNA Objectives 1.Understand the basic principles of DNA structure and analysis. 2.Recall the history and major steps in the development of Forensic DNA Analyses 3.Describe and detail the methods of DNA Extraction and Quantitation from an evidentiary sample. 4.Describe and detail the steps involved in the Polymerase Chain Reaction.

FRSC 8104 – DNA Objectives 5.Understand the importance of Short Tandem Repeats in Forensic DNA Analysis. 6.Understand the function of the CODIS system 7.Describe various techniques used in the visualization of amplified DNA. 8.Convey the important concepts of advanced DNA techniques to include Y- STR and Mitochondrial DNA analyses.

FRSC 8104 – DNA Outline I.Introduction and Overview A.Sir Alec Jeffreys (1985) 1.Colin Pitchfork B.Results reported in DNA analysis

FRSC 8104 – DNA Outline

Nucleotide Structure (dATP)

FRSC 8104 – DNA Outline B.Chromosomes, Genes, DNA Markers

Locus (plural loci) is the specific location of a gene or DNA sequence on a chromosome. A variant of the DNA sequence at a given locus is called an allele. The ordered list of loci known for a particular genome is called a genetic map.

FRSC 8104 – DNA Outline C.DNA Marker Nomenclature D.Population Variation SEQUENCE POLYMORPHISMLENGTH POLYMORPHISM (AATG) (AATG) (AATG) repeats (AATG) (AATG) repeats

FRSC 8104 – DNA Outline

C.Early Based PCR Testing 1.HLA DQ Alpha / DQA1 FRSC 8104 – DNA Outline

2.Polymarker (PM+DQA1) FRSC 8104 – DNA Outline

3.D1S80 FRSC 8104 – DNA Outline

4.Short Tandem Repeats FRSC 8104 – DNA Outline

D.Silver vs. Fluorescent Staining Techniques FRSC 8104 – DNA Outline

IV.DNA Extraction A.Organic Extraction B.Chelex Extraction C.FTA Paper D.Solid Phase Extraction E.Differential Extraction

FRSC 8104 – DNA Outline V.DNA Quantitation A.Why? B.How? TAQMan

FRSC 8104 – DNA Outline

FRSC 8104 – DNA Outline

VII.Short Tandem Repeat Markers (STRs) A.Repetitious DNA B.Microsatellites or STR

FRSC 8104 – DNA Outline C.13 CODIS STR Loci

The Thirteen CODIS STRs and Their Probability of Identities STRAfrican-AmericanCaucasian D3S vWA FGA THO TPOX CSF1PO D5S D13S D7S D8S D21S D18S D16S Source: The Future of Forensic DNA Testing: Predictions of the Research and Development Working Group. Washington, DC: National Institute of Justice. Department of Justice, 2000, p. 41.

FRSC 8104 – DNA Outline VIII.DNA Separation and Detection A.Electrophoresis 1.Slab Gels 2.Capillary B.DNA Detection

FRSC 8104 – DNA Outline IX.Advanced Techniques A.Y-STR

FRSC 8104 – DNA Outline B.Mitochondrial DNA