The Scopes Monkey Trial—1925 Clarence Darrow and William Jennings Bryan

1925-Tennessee Evolution Statutes An act prohibiting the teaching of the Evolution Theory in all the Universities, Normals and all other public schools of Tennessee, which are supported in whole or in part by the public school funds of the State, and to provide penalties for the violations thereof. An act prohibiting the teaching of the Evolution Theory in all the Universities, Normals and all other public schools of Tennessee, which are supported in whole or in part by the public school funds of the State, and to provide penalties for the violations thereof.

1925-Tennessee Evolution Statutes Section 1. Be it enacted by the General Assembly of the State of Tennessee, That it shall be unlawful for any teacher in any of the Universities, Normals and all other public schools of the State which are supported in whole or in part by the public school funds of the State, to teach any theory that denies the story of the Divine Creation of man as taught in the Bible, and to teach instead that man has descended from a lower order of animals. Section 1. Be it enacted by the General Assembly of the State of Tennessee, That it shall be unlawful for any teacher in any of the Universities, Normals and all other public schools of the State which are supported in whole or in part by the public school funds of the State, to teach any theory that denies the story of the Divine Creation of man as taught in the Bible, and to teach instead that man has descended from a lower order of animals.

1925-Tennessee Evolution Statutes Section 2. Be it further enacted, That any teacher found guilty of the violation of this Act, Shall be guilty of a misdemeanor and upon conviction, shall be fined not less than one hundred dollars nor more than five hundred dollars for each offense. Section 2. Be it further enacted, That any teacher found guilty of the violation of this Act, Shall be guilty of a misdemeanor and upon conviction, shall be fined not less than one hundred dollars nor more than five hundred dollars for each offense.

1925-Tennessee Evolution Statutes Section 3. Be it further enacted, That this Act take effect from and after its passage, the public welfare requiring it. Section 3. Be it further enacted, That this Act take effect from and after its passage, the public welfare requiring it. Authored by John Washington Butler Authored by John Washington Butler Passed March 13, 1925  Repealed in 1967 Passed March 13, 1925  Repealed in 1967

Key Figures William Jennings Bryan William Jennings Bryan  Prosecuting Attorney Christian Fundamentalist Christian Fundamentalist Died five days after the trial Died five days after the trial

The Rest of the Prosecuting Team Ben G. McKenzie Ben G. McKenzie  Assistant Attorney General of Tennessee and dean of the local Bar A. Thomas Stewart A. Thomas Stewart  the Attorney General of Tennessee, was the chief prosecutor in the Scopes trial

Clarence Darrow—The Defense Clarence Darrow, the son of an Ohio furniture maker, was at the time of the Scopes trial America's most famous defense lawyer Clarence Darrow, the son of an Ohio furniture maker, was at the time of the Scopes trial America's most famous defense lawyer Clients included murderers, communists, socialists, and anarchists Clients included murderers, communists, socialists, and anarchists Around Dayton (Tennessee), Darrow was known as "the infidel”. Around Dayton (Tennessee), Darrow was known as "the infidel”. Infidel-one with no religious beliefs

The Rest of the Defense Team Arthur Garfield Hays Arthur Garfield Hays  Arthur Garfield Hays was the defense team's manager, developing the overall strategy of the defense Dudley Field Malone Dudley Field Malone  The Scopes trial was not Malone's first encounter with Bryan. Malone had served as Undersecretary of State under Bryan in the Wilson administration. John Randolph Neal John Randolph Neal  The principal job of the brilliant, but somewhat eccentric Neal at the Scopes trial was to challenge the anti-evolution law's constitutionality.

The Defendant John Scopes John Scopes  John Scopes was the Rhea County science teacher and athletic coach who willingly became a defendant in the trial. Scopes had accepted his first teaching position in Dayton after graduating in 1924 from the University of Kentucky, where he was taught evolution.  After the trial, Scopes was offered his teaching position back, but he declined.  Scopes was found guilty and had to pay a $100 fine. He made a statement saying that he felt he was convicted of violating and unjust statute and would continue to oppose it in the future.

Other Important Players Judge John T. Raulston Judge John T. Raulston  Convenient for the prosecutors, Raulston was a deeply religious man. H.L. Mencken H.L. Mencken  At the time of the trial, America’s leading journalist. He wrote for the Baltimore Sun and the Mercury. He followed any story he felt was newsworthy. Howard Morgan Howard Morgan  testified that Scopes had taught him that when the earth cooled off "there was a little germ of a one-celled organism formed, and this organism kept evolving until it got to be a pretty good-sized animal and then came on to be a land animal, and it kept on evolving, and from this was man, and that man is just another mammal."

The Man Who Started It All Charles Darwin, Author of Origin of Species, which studied the evolution of different species. Charles Darwin, Author of Origin of Species, which studied the evolution of different species.

Inherit the Wind Playwrights Jerome Lawrence and Robert E. Lee wrote Inherit the Wind as a response to“the threat to intellectual freedom presented by the anti- communist hysteria of the McCarthy era.” Playwrights Jerome Lawrence and Robert E. Lee wrote Inherit the Wind as a response to“the threat to intellectual freedom presented by the anti- communist hysteria of the McCarthy era.” Although Inherit the Wind is not an historically accurate retelling of the Scopes trial, Lawrence and Lee drew from the actual trial for their play. Although Inherit the Wind is not an historically accurate retelling of the Scopes trial, Lawrence and Lee drew from the actual trial for their play. McCarthy Era—Joe McCarthy, 1950’s politician, was on an anticommunist crusade. He held hearings to question government officials and others about suspected communist activities, in a campaign of persecution and slander that became known as McCarthyism.

Who’s Who? Clarence Darrow = Henry Drummond Clarence Darrow = Henry Drummond William Jennings Bryan = Matthew Harrison Brady William Jennings Bryan = Matthew Harrison Brady H.L. Mencken = E.K. Hornbeck H.L. Mencken = E.K. Hornbeck John Scopes = Bert Cates John Scopes = Bert Cates Howard = Howard Howard = Howard