Disease/Disorders of the Heart

Arrhythmia/ dysrrhythmia BradycardiaTachycardia Any change from normal heart rate or rhythm Slow heart rate (<60 ) Rapid heart rate (>100 )

Coronary Artery Disease Angina Pectoris: Chest pain, caused by lack of oxygen to heart muscle, treat with nitroglycerin to dilate coronary arteries. Edema fluid in tissues, often caused by poor circulation

Myocardial Infarction MI or Heart Attack Lack of blood supply to the myocardium causes damage. Due to blockage of coronary artery or blood clot Amount of damage depends on size of area deprived of oxygen

Myocardial Infarction cont. Symptoms: severe chest pain radiating to left arm, shoulder, arm, neck, and jaw, also nausea, diaphoresis, dyspnea Immediate medical care is critical RX bedrest, oxygen, medication Morphine for pain tPA to dissolve the clot Anticoagulant therapy to prevent further clots Angioplasty and by-pass surgery may be necessary

Vascular Diseases Aneurysm Arteriosclerosis Atherosclerosis Hypertension Hypotension Embolism Varicose veins

Disorders of the Blood Vessels Aneurysm: ballooning of an artery, thinning and weakening Arteriosclerosis: arterial walls thicken, lose elasticity Atherosclerosis: fatty deposits form on walls of arteries

Aneurysm

Hypertension High blood pressure Silent Killer usually no symptoms Leads to strokes, heart attacks, kidney failure Higher in African Americans and post- menopausal women Risk factors=smoking, overweight, stress, high fat diets, family history Treatment relaxation, low fat diet exercise weight loss, medication Hypotension Low blood pressure systolic <100

Varicose veins swollen, distended veins heredity or due to posture, prolonged periods of standing, physical exertion, age and pregnancy Embolism is a traveling blood clot

Diagnosis and Treatment Electrocardiogram Coronary Bypass AED Defibrillation CPR Artificial Pacemaker Angiogram

Electrocardiogram Electrical Tracing of the heart

Heart Surgery Coronary By-pass usually a healthy vein from the leg removed and attached before and after the coronary obstruction creating an alternate route for blood supply to the myocardium.

AED Automated External Defibrillator Defibrillation – electrical shock to bring the heart back to a normal rhythm. CPR- cardiopulmonary resuscitation, used in presence of cardiac arrest.

Artificial Pacemaker: when the heart has conduction (electrical impulse) defect demand pacemaker- fires only when heart rate drops below programmed minimum Causes heart to contract

Angiogram X-ray of a blood vessel using dye.

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