 THE ORGANIZATION OF CELLS 1.CELLS: BASIC UNIT OF ALL LIFE 2.TISSUES: GROUPS OF SIMILAR CELLS THAT WORK TOGETHER MUSCLE TISSUE: ALLOWS MOTION, CAN ONLY CONTRACT CONNECTIVE TISSUE: SUPPORTS AND BINDS BODY PARTS (BONES, TENDONS) EPITHELIAL TISSUE: COVERS THE ORGANS AND BODY (SKIN) NERVE TISSUE: ALLOWS COMMUNICATION, THOUGHT PROCESSES

3. ORGANS: DIFFERENT TISSUES COMBINE TO PERFORM ONE FUNCTION  HEART PUMPS BLOOD MADE OF BLOOD, CONNECTIVE, MUSCLE, NERVE, EPITHELIAL TISSUES HARDEST WORKING MUSCLE IN THE BODY SKIN MADE OF ALL 4 MAJOR TISSUES COVERS AND PROTECTS BODY CONTROLS TEMPERATURE AND SENSES TOUCH 4. ORGAN SYSTEMS: DIFFERENT BUT RELATED ORGANS THAT PERFORM SPECIFIC FUNCTION  ex.: CIRCULATORY SYSTEM: INCLUDES HEART, BLOOD AND BLOOD VESSELS  Ex.: SKELETAL SYSTEM: CONSISTS OF BONES, LIGAMENTS 5. ORGANISMS: A LIVING THING MADE OF ORGANS SYSTEMS

 NERVE TISSUE: CONDUCTS INFORMATION USING IMPULSES 1. ALLOWS THE SENSING OF SURROUNDINGS 2. ALLOWS REACTION TO SURROUNDINGS 3.ALLOWS THOUGHT  NERVOUS SYSTEM: COMPRISED OF BRAIN, SPINE AND NERVES 1.CHAINS OF NERVE CELLS FORM LONG NERVES  COMMUNICATE INFORMATION  NERVES CONDUCT MESSAGES (IMPULSES) MADE OF ELECTRICAL SIGNALS

2. SPINAL CORD: ROPE-LIKE BUNDLE OF NERVES ALONG THE BACK  CONNECTS ALMOST ALL PARTS OF THE BODY TO THE BRAIN  BONY SPINAL COLUMN PROTECTS DELICATE NERVES 3. BRAIN: TRILLIONS OF NERVE CELLS THAT WORK TOGETHER  RECEIVES AND INTERPRETS INFORMATION FROM SENSES  DECIDES ON RESPONSES TO SENSORY INFORMATION  SENDS RESPONSES TO THE MUSCULAR SYSTEM, etc.

 THE FIVE SENSES: SIGHT, SMELL, TASTE, HEARING, AND TOUCH 1. EYE: THE ORGAN OF SIGHT  PUPIL: DARK OPENING OF THE EYE  IRIS: COLORS PORTION, OPENS AND CLOSES TO ADJUST LIGHT ENTERING EYE  LENS: CHANGES SHAPE TO FOCUS (TINY MUSCLES THINS OR THICKEN LENS)  RETINA: LIGHT SENSITIVE REDDISH LINING OF EYE  HAS COLOR SENSING CONE-SHAPED CELLS DIRECTLY BEHIND PUPIL  BLACK-WHITE SENSING ROD-SHAPED CELLS AROUND CONES  OPTIC NERVE SENDS INFORMATION TO BRAIN  SOME PEOPLE LACK CONES FOR RED, SELDOM LACK GREEN OR BLUE CONES

2. EAR: THE ORGAN OF HEARING  OUTER EAR: CAPTURES AND FUNNELS SOUND WAVES INTO EAR  EAR CANAL: TUBE THAT LEADS TO EARDRUM  EARDRUM: VERY THIN MEMBRANE THAT VIBRATES WHEN STRUCK BY SOUNDS  MIDDLE EAR BONES (HAMMER, ANVIL, STIRRUP) AMPLIFY VIBRATIONS  INNER EAR(COCHLEA): SNAIL-SHAPED, FLUID-FILLED STRUCTURE  CONTAINS 1,000s OF TINY NERVE ENDINGS (ONE PER TONE HEARD)  SENDS INFORMATION THROUGH AUDITORY NERVE TO BRAIN

 THE FIVE SENSES: SIGHT, SMELL, TASTE, HEARING, AND TOUCH 3. NOSE: HAS OLFACTORY BULB THAT SENSES SMELLS SMELLS ARE THE MOLECULES (CHEMICALS) GIVEN OFF BY MANY SUBSTANCES OLFACTORY NERVE SENDS INFORMATION TO THE BRAIN SMELL IS THE MOST VARIABLE SENSE FROM PERSON TO PERSON 4. TONGUE: THE ORGAN OF TASTE TASTE BUDS: IN GROUPS OR “PITS” FOUND ON THE TONGUE EACH GROUP SENSES A PARTICULAR TYPE OF CHEMICAL 4 PRIMARY TYPES OF TASTES: SWEET, SOUR, BITTER, SALTY plus MEATY

 THE FIVE SENSES: SIGHT, SMELL, TASTE, HEARING, AND TOUCH 5. SKIN: SENSE OF TOUCH- ALSO PROTECTS, REMOVES WASTES, HEAT  PART OF INTEGUMENTARY SYSTEM THAT INCLUDES HAIR AND FINGERNAILS  EPIDERMIS: OUTER, PROTECTIVE LAYERS OF DEAD SKIN CELLS  DERMIS: LIVING LAYERS OF SKIN

 OIL GLANDS: MAKES OIL THAT LUBRICATES THE SKIN  HAIR FOLLICLES: GROW HAIR  SWEAT GLAND: PRODUCES SWEAT THAT EVAPORATES TO COOL BODY  HAIR MUSCLE: PULLS ON HAIR, CLOSES HAIR PORE (GOOSE BUMP)  FAT: INSULATES THE BODY (KEEPS HEAT IN)  SEVERAL TYPES OF SENSORY NERVE ENDINGS (PAIN, TOUCH, HEAT, COLD, PRESSURE AND VIBRATION)  TINY BLOOD VESSELS (CAPILLARIES) SUPPLY BLOOD