MRS. TOKMAJIAN HOMEOSTASIS TEST REVIEW
WHAT IS HOMEOSTASIS?
Homeostasis is a state of balance or equilibrium.
WHAT IS THE PURPOSE OF MITOSIS?
The purpose of mitosis is to repair damaged body cells, or to make new cells (growth). Example: growing from childhood, or healing a wound.
HOW MANY CELLS DOES MITOSIS START AND END WITH?
Starts with one, ends with 2 (daughter cell)
HOW DOES THE ORIGINAL CELL COMPARE TO THE CELLS AT THE END OF MITOSIS?
They are exact copies of each other. Same DNA.
HOW DOES THE NUMBER OF CHROMOSOMES IN THE PARENT CELL COMPARE TO THE NUMBER OF CHROMOSOMES IN THE DAUGHTER CELLS?
All human body cells have 46 chromosomes in them, so if the mother cell has 46, each cell made through mitosis will have 46.
WHAT HAPPENS DURING PROPHASE?
During prophase, the nuclear membrane starts to disappear and the chromosomes thicken and condense.
WHAT HAPPENS DURING METAPHASE?
During metaphase the chromosomes are lined up in the middle of the cell.
WHAT HAPPENS DURING ANAPHASE?
During anaphase, the sister chromatids are pulled apart and the chromatids are being pulled to opposite ends of the cell.
WHAT HAPPENS DURING TELOPHASE?
During telophase, the chromosomes are at opposite ends of the cell, the nuclear membrane is reforming.
WHAT HAPPENS DURING CYTOKINESIS?
the cell pinches or cleave (animal cells) and form a cell plate (plant cells) to divide the cytoplasm.
WHAT HAPPENS DURING G1 OF INTERPHASE?
During Gap One the cell grows and makes proteins.
WHAT HAPPENS DURING S PHASE OF INTERPHASE?
During the S phase, DNA from the original cell is copied so that there are now 2 copies.
WHAT HAPPENS DURING G2 OF INTERPHASE?
During Gap 2 the cell continues to grow, make more organelles, and goes through a final checkpoint before mitosis.
B CELL
Makes antibodies to flow through the blood and deactivate the free floating virus.
HELPER T CELL
Reads the antigen from the macrophage and wakes up the Killer T and B cells in the lymph nodes.
KILLER T CELL
Kills all cells infected with the virus.
MACROPHAGE
A larger phagocyte that displays the viral antigen on its surface and helps fight the pathogen invasion.
MEMORY CELL
A special lymphocyte that holds on to the antigen code for many years so that if exposed again, a quicker defense can be called to fight off the pathogen.
PHAGOCYTE
The first line of defense, attacks the pathogen first.
SUPPRESSOR T CELL
Calls off the pathogen war by stopping B cells and Killer T cells when the virus has been killed off.
HOW CAN YOU DEVELOP IMMUNITY TO A PARTICULAR MICROBE? (2 WAYS)
Vaccine Exposed to the virus before
WHAT HAPPENED IN THE HOSPITAL TRIAGE ACTIVITY? WHO WAS TO BE TREATED FIRST?
We assessed 7 patients vital signs to determine which patient was most critical and had to be treated first. Monique was to be treated first because she had the most critical vital signs out of all the patients.
WHAT HAPPENED IN THE LIVER LAB WHEN YOU ADDED ACID TO WATER AND LIVER?
Acid + Water= very low drop in ph to become a very strong acid (no buffers) Acid + Liver = hardly any movement in ph due to the presence of buffers which control the proper ph in cells.
WHAT HAPPENED IN THE LIVER LAB WHEN YOU ADDED BASE TO WATER AND LIVER?
Base + Water = very high rise in ph to make a stronger base due to the lack of buffers. Base + Liver = hardly and rise in ph due to the presence of buffers which maintain the proper ph in cells.
WHY DID THE PH CHANGE MORE IN THE WATER THAN IT DID IN THE LIVER?
The water is inorganic or non-living therefore it did not contain buffers to help regulate the ph.
IN DIAGNOSIS: A PUZZLE, HOW DID YOU FIGURE OUT WHAT YOUR PATIENT WAS EXPOSED TO?
I used their symptoms and past history to help me determine if it was a bacterial infection or a viral infection. Ex: did they have a Rubella vaccine, how long were they sick, did they take an antibiotic.
HOW ARE TREATMENTS FOR VIRUSES AND BACTERIA DIFFERENT?
Antibiotics only treat bacterial infections!!!!!
WHY DID YOUR HEART BEAT FASTER IN THE HEART RATE LAB?
My heart beat faster because my exercise level increased, and as my exercise level increased my heart needed to get blood and oxygen around my body faster so my heart needs to beat faster to maintain homeostasis around my body.