Faculdade de Letras da Universidade do Porto Línguas e Literaturas Modernas INTRODUCTION TO TRANSLATION STUDIES FALL SEMESTER 2007 Wed. 13:30-15:30 – Room 211 Thur. 08:30-10:30 – Room 211 Power Point 3 Teacher: Elena Zagar Galvão Webpage: web.letras.up.pt/egalvao

TASK: before we start... In pairs, go to a search engine and find definitions of the term translation. In pairs, go to a search engine and find definitions of the term translation. Choose the one that suits you best Choose the one that suits you best (or produce one yourselves on the basis of the different you’ve found).

Students’ findings Translation is an activity comprising the interpretation of the meaning of a text and the production of a new, equivalent text in another language – called the target text, or the translation. Wikipedia Translation is an activity comprising the interpretation of the meaning of a text and the production of a new, equivalent text in another language – called the target text, or the translation. Wikipedia The act or process of translating, especially from one language into another. (Wikipedia) The act or process of translating, especially from one language into another. (Wikipedia)

The process of facilitating written communication from one language to another. englishrussiantranslation.com The process of facilitating written communication from one language to another. englishrussiantranslation.com Translation is retelling, as exactly as possible, the meaning of the original message in a way that is natural in the language into which the translation is being made. Bible Translation, book by Katherine Barnwell, 1986, p.8 Translation is retelling, as exactly as possible, the meaning of the original message in a way that is natural in the language into which the translation is being made. Bible Translation, book by Katherine Barnwell, 1986, p.8

A translation should give a complete transcript of the ideas and sentiments in the original passage, maintain the character of the style, and have the ease and flow of the original text. Alexander Fraser Tytler, A translation should give a complete transcript of the ideas and sentiments in the original passage, maintain the character of the style, and have the ease and flow of the original text. Alexander Fraser Tytler, Translation is a written communication in a second language having the same meaning as the written communication in a first language. Wordnet.princet.on.edu Translation is a written communication in a second language having the same meaning as the written communication in a first language. Wordnet.princet.on.edu

Dictionary of Translation Studies (Shuttleworth and Cowie 1997:181) Translation. An incredibly broad notion which can be understood in many different ways. For example, one may talk of a translation as a process or a product, and identify such subtypes as literary translation, technical translation, subtitling and machine translation; moreover, while more typically it just refers to the transfer of written texts, the term sometimes also includes interpreting.

What is Translation? (1) a) a process by which a spoken or written utterance takes place in one language which is intended or presumed to convey the same meaning as a previously existing utterance in another language (Rabin 1958) b) the transfer of thoughts and ideas from one language (source) to another (target), whether the languages are in written or oral form... or whether one or both languages are based on signs (Brislin 1976ª)

What is Translation (2) c) a situation-related and function-oriented complex series of acts for the production of a target text, intended for addressees in another culture/language, on the basis of a given source text (Salevsky 1993) d) Any utterance which is presented or regarded as a ‘translation’ within a culture, on no matter what grounds (Toury 1995). (quoted in Pöchhacker, Franz. Introducing Interpreting Studies, 2004: 11-12)

The basic conceptual ingredients contained in the various definitions of Translation are: an activity consisting (mainly) in an activity consisting (mainly) in the production of texts which are the production of texts which are presumed to have a similar meaning and/or effect presumed to have a similar meaning and/or effect as previously existing texts as previously existing texts in another language and culture in another language and culture (Pöchhacker, Franz. Introducing Interpreting Studies, 2004: 12)

The illusion of a fixed object of study There cannot be an objective definition fixing, once and for all, the ‘true meaning’ or ‘essence’ of what we perceive or believe something (in this case translation) to be like. (Pöchhacker, Franz. Introducing Interpreting Studies, 2004: 13)

Translation: key concepts TRANSLATION WRITTENORAL Interpreting / Interpretation

TRANSLATION Process (translating) Product (translation) General subject field

TRANSLATION The process of transferring a written text from SL to TL, conducted by a translator, or translators, in a specific socio-cultural context The written product, or TT, which results from that process and which functions in the socio-cultural context of the TL. Cognitive, linguistic, visual, cultural and ideological phenomena which are an integral part of Translation as process and product.

Roman Jakobson, “On Linguistic Aspects of Translation”, 1959 TRANSLATION INTERLINGUAL INTRALINGUAL INTERSEMIOTIC

EXAMPLES (1) Interlingual You Are Irreplaceable: Change the Way You Look at Your Life (Paperback) by Augusto Cury Augusto CuryAugusto CuryIntralingual CHANGE website (learning disabilities) Harry Potter for Americans

Examples (2): Intersemiotic

Examples (3): Intersemiotic

TASK In pairs, make a list of examples of the 3 different types of translation identified by Roman Jakobson.

FLUP - Elena Zagar Galvão Some acronyms SL SL TL TL ST ST TT TT TS TS We’ll add to this list as we go along.

Useful sites: International Federation of Translators (FIT): International Federation of Translators (FIT): European Society for Translation Studies (EST): European Society for Translation Studies (EST): (very good resources section) American Translation Association (ATA) American Translation Association (ATA) Institute for Translators and Interpreters (ITI) Institute for Translators and Interpreters (ITI) The Nairobi Recommendation (1976), The Translator’s Charter (1994 Ed.) Charter.pdf The Nairobi Recommendation (1976), The Translator’s Charter (1994 Ed.) Charter.pdf

Useful sites (contd): European Standard (Translation services, 2004) European Standard (Translation services, 2004) Helping translators do better business / Helping translators do better business / / / John Benjamins publishing company John Benjamins publishing company St. Jerome Pubishing St. Jerome Pubishing Rodopi (publishing comp) Rodopi (publishing comp) Routledge publishing company Routledge publishing company

Useful sites (contd): Multilingual matters Multilingual matters The Translator Interpreter Hall of Fame The Translator Interpreter Hall of Fame And many more, which you should add to your list as you find them while navigating on the net

HOMEWORK READ: (for next Wed) Introducing Translation Studies (ITS), Chapter 1 Jakobson’s On Linguistic Aspects of Translation (get photocopy in AS) Becoming a Translator (BAT) Ch. 1