Otherwise known as “stuff you should know.”

Definition -A rhetorical term for the repetition of a word or phrase at the beginning of successive clauses. Purpose- By building toward a climax, anaphora can create a strong emotional effect. Example- " We shall go on to the end, we shall fight in France, we shall fight on the seas and oceans, we shall fight with growing confidence and growing strength in the air, we shall defend our Island, whatever the cost may be, we shall fight on the beaches, we shall fight on the landing grounds, we shall fight in the fields and in the streets, we shall fight in the hills; we shall never surrender." (Winston Churchill, speech to the House of Commons, June 4, 1940)

 Definition- A verbal pattern in which the second half of an expression is balanced against the first but with the words in reverse grammatical order (A-B-C, C-B- A).  Examples- "I can write better than anybody who can write faster, and I can write faster than anybody who can write better.“ (A. J. Liebling) "We didn't land on Plymouth Rock; Plymouth Rock landed on us.“ (Malcolm X)

 Definition-a writing style that omits conjunctions between words, phrases, or clauses  Example-"Anyway, like I was saying, shrimp is the fruit of the sea. You can barbecue it, boil it, broil it, bake it, saute it. Dey's uh, shrimp-kabobs, shrimp creole, shrimp gumbo. Pan fried, deep fried, stir-fried. There's pineapple shrimp, lemon shrimp, coconut shrimp, pepper shrimp, shrimp soup, shrimp stew, shrimp salad, shrimp and potatoes, shrimp burger, shrimp sandwich. That--that's about it." (Bubba in Forrest Gump, 1994)

 Definition-A rhetorical term for the juxtaposition of contrasting ideas in balanced phrases or clauses.  Examples-"We must learn to live together as brothers or perish together as fools." (Martin Luther King, Jr., speech at St. Louis, 1964) "The world will little note, nor long remember what we say here, but it can never forget what they did here." (Abraham Lincoln, The Gettysburg Address, 1863)

 Definition-An independent clause followed by a series of subordinate constructions (phrases or clauses) that gather details about a person, place, event, or idea.  Purpose-The cumulative sentence is particularly good for setting a scene or for panning, as with a camera, a place or critical moment, a journey or a remembered life, in a way not dissimilar to the run-on.  Example-"Her moving wings ignited like tissue paper, enlarging the circle of light in the clearing and creating out of the darkness the sudden blue sleeves of my sweater, the green leaves of jewelweed by my side, the ragged red trunk of a pine." (Annie Dillard, Holy the Firm. Harper & Row, 1977)

 Definition-sentence that exhorts, advices, calls to action Less of a command and more of a request (imperative sentence is the opposite)  Examples-" Not far to go now!" " Your talents are wasted. You should look for a more rewarding job!".

 Definition-A figure of speech in which one word or phrase is substituted for another with which it is closely associated (such as "crown" for "royalty").  Metonymy is also the rhetorical strategy of describing something indirectly by referring to things around it, such as describing someone's clothing to characterize the individual.  Examples- Danish for Danish pastry shocks for shock absorbers On the level of slang, a redneck is a stereotypical member of the white rural working class in the Southern U.S.,

 Definition-A redundancy--in particular the needless repetition of an idea using different words.  (2) In logic, a statement that is unconditionally true by virtue of its form alone; for example, "Socrates is either mortal or he's not."  Examples-... who died of a fatal dose of heroin... equalized the game to a 2-2 draw... kept it from his friends that he was a secret drinker... a group for one-parent single mothers  Tautology is either unnecessary elaboration (the Inland Revenue's white-collar workers), pointless repetition ( pair of twins), superfluous description (Europe's huge butter mountain), a needless appendage (weather conditions ) or a self-cancelling proposition (He is either guilty or not guilty)." (Keith Waterhouse, Waterhouse on Newspaper Style, rev. ed. Revel Barker, 2010)