© 2007 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved McGraw-Hill The World of Music 6 th edition Part 2 Listening to American Music: Folk, Religious, Pop, and Jazz Chapter 6: Jazz in America

© 2007 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved McGraw-Hill Part II Listening to American Music Chapter 6 Jazz in America Characteristics of Jazz Swing Rhythms (Long, Short, Long, Short, etc.) Improvisation Syncopation Typical Instruments Saxophones Trumpet Trombone Drum Set Bass Piano

© 2007 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved McGraw-Hill Part II Listening to American Music Chapter 6 Jazz in America Jazz Terms Swing Improvisation Syncopation Walking Bass Comping Riff Vibrato

© 2007 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved McGraw-Hill Part II Listening to American Music Chapter 6 Jazz in America Big Band Instrumentation StandardExtended Rhythm Section Piano Bass Drums Brass Section 4 Trumpets 4 Trombones Woodwind Section 2 Alto Saxes 2 Tenor Saxes 1 Baritone Saxophone Rhythm Section Guitar Vibraphone Various Percussion Brass Section Flugelhorn Tuba Woodwind Section Flute Clarinet Soprano Saxophone

© 2007 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved McGraw-Hill Part II Listening to American Music Chapter 6 Jazz in America Roots of Jazz Popular Songs Blues Ragtime New Orleans Brass Bands Gospel

© 2007 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved McGraw-Hill Part II Listening to American Music Chapter 6 Jazz in America Similarities Between New Orleans and Chicago Jazz High Energy Rhythmic Vitality Usually Led By: Clarinet Trumpet Trombone No Notation Group Improvisation Rhythm Section Responsible for Time Frequent “Stop Time” Breaks “Fill” Embellishments

© 2007 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved McGraw-Hill Part II Listening to American Music Chapter 6 Jazz in America Stride Piano Style Solo Piano Improvised Energetic Hands Split Left Hand Strides (Walks) Right Hand Syncopated Rhythms Famous Pianists from this Style Fats Waller Earl Hines Art Tatum Erroll Garner Oscar Peterson

© 2007 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved McGraw-Hill Part II Listening to American Music Chapter 6 Jazz in America Types of Swing Sweet Swing No Improvisation Rhythms only lightly “swung” Not considered “true” jazz by many connoisseurs. Artists Guy Lombardo Lawrence Welk Hot Swing Improvisation Featured Heavy Swing Style Sophisticated Arrangements Artists Benny Goodman Duke Ellington Count Basie Stan Kenton

© 2007 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved McGraw-Hill Part II Listening to American Music Chapter 6 Jazz in America Bebop Combo Instrumentation Imaginative/Clever Use of Chords Virtuosic Complex Intense Fast Grew from Jam Sessions Artists Dizzy Gillespie, trumpet Thelonious Monk, piano Kenny Clark, drums

© 2007 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved McGraw-Hill Part II Listening to American Music Chapter 6 Jazz in America Cool Jazz Name taken from Miles Davis’ album: The Birth of the Cool. Compared to Bebop Softer More Relaxed More Accessible Artists Miles Davis (early works) Modern Jazz Quartet Dave Brubeck Gerry Mulligan Stan Getz Chet Baker

© 2007 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved McGraw-Hill Part II Listening to American Music Chapter 6 Jazz in America Other Styles of Jazz Hard Bop Clifford Brown Sonny Rollins John Coltrane Funky Jazz (or Soul Jazz) Horace Silver Art Blakey Free Jazz Ornette Coleman

© 2007 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved McGraw-Hill Part II Listening to American Music Chapter 6 Jazz in America Fusion Mixture of Styles Jazz Pop Classical Rock Characteristics Electronic Instruments Often Straight (non-Swing) Rhythms Rock Drumming Techniques Artists Miles Davis (later works) Herbie Hancock Chick Corea Pat Metheny Gary Burton

© 2007 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved McGraw-Hill Part II Listening to American Music Chapter 6 Jazz in America Smooth Jazz Less Intense Easy Listening Artists David Sanborn Kenny G George Benson Grover Washington Jr.

© 2007 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved McGraw-Hill Part II Listening to American Music Chapter 6 Jazz in America Chapter Summary What impact has jazz music made on American society? What traits does jazz share with popular music? What traits does it share with art (classical) music? Do you think that jazz will ever regain the popularity it had in the 1940’s and 1950’s? Why or Why not?

© 2007 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved McGraw-Hill Part II Listening to American Music Chapter 6 Jazz in America Image Credits Slide 3Royalty-Free/CORBIS Slide 13C Squared Studios/Getty Images