An Abbreviated History of Western Classical Music

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Presentation transcript:

An Abbreviated History of Western Classical Music Music History An Abbreviated History of Western Classical Music

Definitions WESTERN MUSIC CLASSICAL MUSIC

Antiquity Earliest known Instruments The Purpose of Music Communication Signaling Religious Ceremony Entertainment

Ancient Civilizations Chinese (2000 BC) Stringed instruments (ch’in) Pentatonic scale Egyptians (25th century BC) Lute, lyre, harp Hebrews Shofar (rams horn)

Ancient Civilizations Greeks (3000 - 30 BC) Kithara (lyre), aulos Music for plays and festivals Romans (1000 BC - 500 AD) Brass trumpets and horns Music used for warfare

The Middle Ages Medieval Period Class system Nobility Clergy peasants 400 - 1400 AD Medieval Period Class system Nobility Clergy peasants

The Middle Ages Sacred Music Music of the church 400 - 1400 AD Sacred Music Music of the church Plainsong (sung in Latin) Chant (monophonic) Gregorian Chant Mass

The Middle Ages Sacred Music 36+ Composers wrote the music The Mass as a Compositional Form Composers wrote the music Text (words, lyrics) from the “Ordinary” of the Mass (liturgy) 36+

Sacred Music The Ordinary of the Mass Kyrie (Lord Have Mercy) Gloria (Glory to God…) Credo (Creed) Sanctus (Holy, Holy, Holy) Benedictus (Blessed is He..) Agnus Dei (Lamb of God) 36+

Holy, Holy, Holy

Lamb 0f God

The Middle Ages Secular Music Non-religious Minstrels, Troubadours, Trouvères and Minnesingers Sung in the common language String and percussion accompaniments

The Middle Ages Secular Music Trouvère from France Adam de la Halle (ca. 1237 - 1287) Trouvère from France Composed first musical play “Jeu de Robin et de Marion”

The Renaissance Great advances in science and math Age of exploration 1400 - 1650 Great advances in science and math Copernicus, Galileo Age of exploration Great achievements in art Leonardo da Vinci Michaelangelo

The Renaissance 1400 - 1650 And literature William Shakespear

The Renaissance Reformation (ca. 1500) Led by Martin Luther 1400 - 1650 Rise of the Middle Class Reformation (ca. 1500) Led by Martin Luther Chorale style (hymn singing by entire congregation)

The Renaissance Sacred Music Motet Gregorian Chant out of favor 1400 - 1650 Sacred Music Polyphonic vocal music Motet Gregorian Chant out of favor

The Renaissance Sacred Music The Counter Reformation 1400 - 1650 Palestrina (1525 - 1594)

Givanni Pierluigi da Palestrina

The Renaissance Sacred Music The Counter Reformation 1400 - 1650 Palestrina (1525 - 1594) Kyrie from Missa Papae Marcelli

The Renaissance Secular Music Madrigals Instrumental Music 1400 - 1650 Secular Music Polyphonic vocal music Madrigals Instrumental Music

Instrument Families Woodwinds Brass Strings Keyboard percussion

Woodwinds Double reeds Whistles and open hole Shawm Krummhorn recorder flutes

Shawm

Krumhorn

Krumhorn Reed and Cap

Recorder

Recorder Family

Renaissance Flutes

Brass Cornett (trumpet ancestor) Sacbut (trombone ancestor) Serpant (tuba ancestor)

Muted Cornett

Sacbut

Serpent

Strings Viols Harp Lute Dulcimer

Viols

Viola da Gamba

Harp

Lute

Hammered Dulcimer

Dulcimers

Keyboards Spinet Clavichord

Spinet

Clavichord

Clavichord

Drums frame drums shell drums Other tambourines finger cymbals Percussion Drums frame drums shell drums Other tambourines finger cymbals

Frame Drums

Drum or Tambor

Tambourines

Renaissance Instrumental Music Josquin de Prez (1440 - 1521)

Renaissance Instrumental Music Josquin de Prez (1440 - 1521) Fanfare for Louis XII shawms cornetto sacbut

Renaissance Instrumental Music Dance Forms Pavanne (slow 4/4) Galliard (fast 3/4) Allemande (moderato 2/4) Estampi (collection of dances)

Examples of Ars Nova Music Music from this period was the first to add stems to the nuemes, thereby creating our modern system of notation.

This piece is called “Sumer is icumen in” and is the oldest surviving round.

With All of the Advances During the Renaissance, What Was the Most Important?

The invention of the printing press ca. 1450 by Gutenberg Why? Answer? The invention of the printing press ca. 1450 by Gutenberg Why?