Teaching Students with Mild and Moderate Disabilities: Research-Based Practices Second Edition © 2009 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved. Learning and Study Skills Chapter 11

Teaching Students with Mild and Moderate Disabilities, Second Edition Cohen and Spenciner © 2009 Pearson Education, Inc. All Rights Reserved. 2 Chapter objectives Describe approaches for the assessment of study skills. Identify and explain instructional strategies that support students in their learning.

Teaching Students with Mild and Moderate Disabilities, Second Edition Cohen and Spenciner © 2009 Pearson Education, Inc. All Rights Reserved. 3 Chapter objectives continued Describe instructional strategies for supporting reading comprehension. Convey instructional strategies for deepening understanding and enhancing memory. Consider the use of homework to improve students’ learning.

Teaching Students with Mild and Moderate Disabilities, Second Edition Cohen and Spenciner © 2009 Pearson Education, Inc. All Rights Reserved. 4 Importance of learning and study skills Essential for school and work success Skills involve Gathering, comprehending, organizing information Time management Organizational skills Learning how to learn Making representations of what is understood Taking notes Taking tests Doing homework Teaching these skills should begin in elementary school and continue through all grades.

Teaching Students with Mild and Moderate Disabilities, Second Edition Cohen and Spenciner © 2009 Pearson Education, Inc. All Rights Reserved. 5 Strategies Keeping a schedule Taking notes Streamlining note taking Outlining Listing Marking the text Gleaning

Teaching Students with Mild and Moderate Disabilities, Second Edition Cohen and Spenciner © 2009 Pearson Education, Inc. All Rights Reserved. 6 Supporting reading comprehension Preview-Read-Recall (PRR) Survey, Question, Read, Recite, Review (SQ3R) Previewing, questioning, reading, reflecting, reciting, reviewing (PQ4R)

Teaching Students with Mild and Moderate Disabilities, Second Edition Cohen and Spenciner © 2009 Pearson Education, Inc. All Rights Reserved. 7 SNIPS Strategy Start with questions Note what can be learned from hints Identify what is important Plug it into the chapter See if you can explain it to someone

Teaching Students with Mild and Moderate Disabilities, Second Edition Cohen and Spenciner © 2009 Pearson Education, Inc. All Rights Reserved. 8 REAP Read Encode Annotate Ponder

Teaching Students with Mild and Moderate Disabilities, Second Edition Cohen and Spenciner © 2009 Pearson Education, Inc. All Rights Reserved. 9 Multipass Survey the reading Size up the reading Sort out the information

Teaching Students with Mild and Moderate Disabilities, Second Edition Cohen and Spenciner © 2009 Pearson Education, Inc. All Rights Reserved. 10 Test-taking strategies: before the test Allot sufficient time to study and prepare for the test Keep notes Organize notes Provide sufficient time to practice new skills and processes Study with one or more partners Obtain a good night's sleep before the test Get proper nutrition before the test Exercise can reduce anxiety and heighten alertness Arrive early for the test Select a good seat

Teaching Students with Mild and Moderate Disabilities, Second Edition Cohen and Spenciner © 2009 Pearson Education, Inc. All Rights Reserved. 11 Test-taking strategies: during the test Stay relaxed and confident Bring all the materials that are needed such as pencils, pens, a calculator, a dictionary, and a watch Read the directions carefully Preview the items Complete the easy questions first. Next, answer the questions that have the highest point values. Leave the most difficult questions, the ones with lower point values, and the ones that take the greatest amount of writing for last

Teaching Students with Mild and Moderate Disabilities, Second Edition Cohen and Spenciner © 2009 Pearson Education, Inc. All Rights Reserved. 12 Test-taking strategies: during the test continued Use hints from other items Ask the teacher questions about directions, vocabulary, or questions that the student does not understand Use specific strategies for each type of test item such as multiple choice, true/false, and essay tests Allow enough time for review at the end of the test Use all of the time that has been allotted

Teaching Students with Mild and Moderate Disabilities, Second Edition Cohen and Spenciner © 2009 Pearson Education, Inc. All Rights Reserved. 13 Test-taking strategies: after the test Conduct an error analysis. Identify the items that the student completed successfully and those that were not. Reflect on the strategies that were used. Which ones worked? Which ones did not work? Keep the corrected tests in a safe place for review when studying for unit tests or final exams.

Teaching Students with Mild and Moderate Disabilities, Second Edition Cohen and Spenciner © 2009 Pearson Education, Inc. All Rights Reserved. 14 Instructional strategies for deepening understanding and enhancing memory Metacognition Stop-look-listen Visual representations Graphic organizers Diagrams Matrices Hierarchies Advance organizers

Teaching Students with Mild and Moderate Disabilities, Second Edition Cohen and Spenciner © 2009 Pearson Education, Inc. All Rights Reserved. 15 K-W-L K (what you know) W (what you want to know) L (what you learned)

Teaching Students with Mild and Moderate Disabilities, Second Edition Cohen and Spenciner © 2009 Pearson Education, Inc. All Rights Reserved. 16 Mnemonics Strategies that can help students remember academic and behavioral tasks DEAR: “Drop Everything And Read”

Teaching Students with Mild and Moderate Disabilities, Second Edition Cohen and Spenciner © 2009 Pearson Education, Inc. All Rights Reserved. 17 Homework Assign homework that reinforces and extends learning Compare the student’s actual time with the teacher’s estimated time of completion

Teaching Students with Mild and Moderate Disabilities, Second Edition Cohen and Spenciner © 2009 Pearson Education, Inc. All Rights Reserved. 18 Using technology Graphic organizer software Electronic calendars Grammar, spelling, and punctuation checkers Time management software Note-taking software Outlining software Reading, writing and vocabulary software Presentation software Translation software Foreign language dictionaries

Teaching Students with Mild and Moderate Disabilities, Second Edition Cohen and Spenciner © 2009 Pearson Education, Inc. All Rights Reserved. 19 Summary Instructional strategies can be used to support reading comprehension. Instructional strategies can deepen and enhance memory. Consider the use of homework to support students’ learning.