WWII

ALLIES Poland (1939) Britain (1939) France(1939) Soviet Union (1941) U.S. (1941) China (1941)

AXIS Germany (1939) Italy(1940) Japan (1940) Soviet Union ( )

THEATERS Europe N. Atlantic Ocean North Africa Southeast Asia China Pacific Ocean Japan (air)

CAUSES

Rise in German Military Issues over territory (land) German harsh “guilt clause” Great Depression hurt all countries. Allowed Hitler and the Nazi party to rise

League of Nations was too relaxed on enforcing global leadership Japan wanted to be a world power –Invaded China and angered US. –US helped China (oil)

LEND-LEASE ACT F.D.R President US again wanted to remain neutral. They were helping the allied powers by “lending” money and war supplies. Hurt Japan. (fight for oil)

WAR TIMELINE Sept.1939: Germany invades Poland France, Britain declare war on Germany. Soviet Union joins Germany

WAR TIMELINE Aug. 1940: Japan joins Germany, Italy June 1941: Germany invades Soviet Union. Soviet Union joins Allied powers

PEARL Harbor

Pearl Harbor December 7, 1941 Japan surprise attacks naval fleet in Pearl Harbor, Hawaii Wake the sleeping giant Mission not accomplished

Pearl Harbor December 8, 1941: declare war on Japan Dec. 11: Germany declares war on US Feb. 1942: FDR has Japanese-Americans held for duration of war

Battle of Midway June 1942: US sinks 4 of the best Japanese aircraft carriers Turning point of the war

WAR TIMELINE Sept 8, 1943: Italy surrenders D-Day: June 6, 1944 –US invades Normandy –Germany surrenders after much death and fighting

WAR TIMELINE April 30, 1945: Hitler commits suicide with his wife May 1945: Germany surrenders completely

ATOMIC BOMB

TargetHiroshimaNagasaki Tokyo Fire Raid Average of 93 Attacks on Cities Dead/Missi ng 70,000-80,00035,000-40,00083,0001,850 Wounded70,00040,000102,0001,830 Population Density 35,000 per sq mile65,000 per sq mile 130,000 per sq mile ? Total Casualties 140, ,00075,000-80,000185,0003,680 Area Destroyed 4.7 sq mile1.8 sq mile15.8 sq mile1.8 sq mile Attacking Platform 1 B B-29sB-29s Weapon(s) 'Tall Boy' 15 kT (15,000 tons of TNT) 'Fat Man' 21 kT (21,000 tons of TNT) 1,667 tons1,129 tons

Super Weapon Quick and easy end. (less American loss) Firebombed Tokyo (Apr-June) Aug. 6, 1945: dropped “Little Boy” on Hiroshima and destroyed the city.

Super Weapon Japan would not reply for call of surrender Aug. 9, 1945: dropped “Fat Man” on Nagasaki. Aug. 15: Japan surrendered

HOLOCAUST

Holocaust Organized mass murder 12 million dead (2/3 Jewish) Open-air killings of citizens 1942: “Final Solution” Kill all Jews in Europe

Holocaust 6 extermination camps Gassed or shot immediately Some were worked to death Few survived Many children murdered

Technology “This is a war of machines, and of ships and airplanes powered by oil. This is an oil war.” Texas supplied 80% of oil

Technology Nuclear weapons Radar Jet engines Blimp Electronic computers Side note (story of internet)

TEXAS Discovered way to make rubber from petroleum Rural families moved to cities for work African American soldiers still denied equal treatment

Dorie Miller African American who fired on Japan at Pearl Harbor First to be honored for service to America

Oveta Culp Hobby Commander of women’s army corp. WAC Government supported her enlisting women 1,074 women pilots

TEXAS Women allowed to do male jobs Fired once men returned African Americans paid less money for same jobs

Victory Gardens Planted own small gardens for food Rationed and sent all other crops Gas, meat, sugar, tires

ENDING Aug 15, 1945 Baby boomers 62% adult pop. Married African Americans not willing to be treated unfairly anymore

DEATH 62 million dead 60% innocent civilians

Results Redrawing of national boundaries New nations End of British/European power US and Soviet Super powers (Cold War)