WWII America Emerges as a World Power

Leading up to WWII  Roosevelt’s good-neighbor policy –U.S. pledge not to intervene in Latin America  Isolationism during the 1930s –The Nye Committee –Looked to George Washington’s Farewell Address for support  U.S. foreign policy changed from 1938 to 1941 –from neutrality to support for Britain  The foreign policies of Japan and the U.S. were chiefly in conflict over Japanese invasion of China  Lend Lease Program –the United States provided critical aid to Great Britain and the Soviet Union

Americas Reaction to Fascist Aggression Fascist AggressionU.S. Response Japan invades Manchuria,1931Stimson Doctrine Italy Invades Ethiopia,1935“Moral Embargo” of oil shipments to Italy Rearmament of Germany,1934Neutrality Acts of 1935, 1936 Spanish Civil War, 1936Neutrality Act of 1937 Japan invaded China, 1940President Roosevelt’s Quarantine Speech Hitler’s invasion of Poland,1939“Cash and Carry” Policy Hitler’s Invasion of Norway and low countries, 1940 U.S. froze German assets Fall of France,1940Destroyer Deal w/Britain and Conscription Act Japan’s invasion of Indochina, Sept 1940 Embargo against Japan Battle of Britain, July-Oct 1940Lend Lease Hitler’s invasion of Russia, June 1941 Atlantic Charter

Important Speeches  August 1936: “I hate war” Speech  Quarantine Speech Oct 1937: calling for an international "quarantine of the aggressor nations" intensified America's isolationist mood  Dec 29, 1940 “Arsenal of Democracy”  Dec 17, In a fireside chat, FDR proposed what became known as "Lend-Lease" illustrated by his garden hose analogy  Jan 6, State of the Union Address, Four Freedoms Speech - Freedom of speech and expression, of worship, from want, from fear

The War  Swift ending of the Great Depression  Decline in unemployment between 1940 and 1941  The Japanese attack on Pearl Harbor in 1941 is an illustration of the impact a single event can have on public opinion in a time of crisis  Main Allies –Great Britain and the Soviet Union  Main Strategies  unconditional surrender  an eventual second front by invading Europe  victory in the European area first.  Island hopping in the Pacific Theater.

The Home Front  Selling war bonds not only raised money for World War II but also contributed to the national debt  Increased employment for women  Women  work in factories.  establish themselves as a vital part of the economy.  participate in the war effort.  define a new role in society.

The Home Front  This African-American labor leader demanded equal employment opportunities for blacks during World War A. Phillip Randolph  Executive Order No required defense industries to make jobs available without discrimination based on race, creed, color, or national origin.  Korematsu v. U.S. the Supreme Court upheld the government’s practice of placing Japanese Americans in internment camps

The Atomic Bomb  Consequences of Truman’s decision to use the atomic bomb against Japan –the surrender of Japan –the end of WWII –destruction of two Japanese cities –the deaths of thousands of civilians

WWII Meetings/Conferences  Atlantic Charter –1941 statement that declared that both nations would support self-determination, freedom of the seas, joint disarmament, and territorial integrity for all after World War II ended.  Yalta –Hold free elections in the countries of Eastern Europe –The Soviet Union agreed to enter the war against Japan once Germany was defeated.