Clothing Management Unit 2 Textiles Tonja Bolding Lakeside High School Revised 2010

Unit 2 terms blends – in clothing, a term to refer to combining different fibers into one yarn exports – products sent out of a country to other countries fiber – a basic unit from which fabric is made grain – direction that yarns run in woven fabric imports – products and goods that come into a country from a foreign country knitted fabrics – fabric made by looping yarns together manufactured fibers – fibers not found in nature natural fibers – a fiber that comes from plants or hair of animals nonwoven fabric – fabric made using heat, moisture, and/or adhesive

piece dyeing – the process of dyeing in which color is added after the fabric has been made, the most common method of dyeing and generally the least expensive ply yarns – yarn made by twisting two or more single yarns together printing fabrics – transfer of color to the surface of a fabric to form a pattern selvage – side edges of a woven fabric, running in the direction of the lengthwise grain; formed by the filling yarns as they are turned to go back across the warp yarns; very strong and will not ravel. sweatshop – a manufacturing plant that may use child labor, pay less than minimum wages, no pay overtime, or have unclean or unsafe facilities warp yarns – the longer yarns that run the length of the fabric weft yarns – crosswise yarns in fabric; also known as filling yarns woven fabric – made by interlacing lengthwise and crosswise yarns yarn – fibers twisted together or laid side by side

2.1 List ways textiles are used apparel clothing accessories home furnishings upholstery bedding industry football turf insulation medical artificial hearts disposable garments transportation tire treads boat sails

Natural Fibers (a fiber that comes from plants or hair of animals) 2.2 Identify the sources and characteristics of natural and manufactured fibers Natural Fibers (a fiber that comes from plants or hair of animals) Cotton, linen, wool, and silk are the most common natural fibers. Quality varies on the type of plant or animal and the growing conditions. They have unique characteristics that cannot be copied by science.

Examples of Natural Fibers Cotton comes from the cotton plant. Advantages: strong, launders well, inexpensive, comfortable, wide variety of uses Disadvantages: shrinks in hot water, mildews if out in damp storage, wrinkles easily Uses: outwear, underwear, home furnishings

Linen is made from the flax plant. Advantages: strongest of natural fibers, durable, lint free, stands high temperatures Disadvantages: expensive, wrinkles easy unless treated, has color loss Uses: clothing (suits, handkerchiefs) home furnishings (draperies, tablecloths) linen fabric Egyptian flax

Wool is made from the fleece of sheep or lambs. Advantages: warmest of all fibers, wrinkle resistant, durable, combines with other fibers successfully Disadvantages: expensive, shrink and mat when moisture applied, absorbs odors Uses: clothing (outerwear, sweaters) home furnishings (blankets, rugs, upholstery)

Silk is obtained by the unwinding of a silkworms cocoon. Advantages: strong but lightweight, soil resistant Disadvantages: dry-cleaning, yellows with age, expensive Uses: clothing (wedding dresses, blouses) home furnishings (lampshades, wall hangings)

Specialty Hair Fibers camel’s hair angora goat alpaca guanaco cashmere goat llama vicuna

Manufactured Fibers (fibers not found in nature) They surround you. They are in your clothes, on your furniture, at your school, and in your car. They are found in blends (in clothing, a term to refer to combining different fibers into one yarn) with natural fibers.

Rayon is very much like cotton. Advantages: drapes well, comfortable, soft, inexpensive Disadvantages: weak when wet, stretches, will mildew Uses: blouses, dresses, curtains, bedding In 1910, rayon was the first manufactured fiber.

Nylon was introduced as a “miracle fiber” in 1939. Advantages: lightweight, strong and durable, dries quickly, retains shape, easy care Disadvantages: damaged by sun, surface pills, heat sensitive Uses: casual tops, camisoles, slips, windbreakers

Polyester is very versatile Polyester is very versatile. Almost any appearance and texture can be achieved. Advantages: easy care, resistant to wrinkles, strong/durable, easy to dye Disadvantages: takes oily stains, low absorbency, static buildup Uses: underwear, carpets, children’s wear

Acrylic is often used as a replacement for wool Acrylic is often used as a replacement for wool. It is soft, warm and lightweight. Advantages-keeps it shape well, resists sunlight, chemicals and wrinkles Disadvantages-pills, static electricity Uses-sportswear, sweaters, blankets

Spandex is elastic like rubber Advantages: very elastic, smooth, lightweight, easy care, resists sunlight, oil and perspiration Disadvantages: yellows with age, heat sensitive, harmed by bleach Use: swimwear, skiwear, exercise and dance wear

Fabric Fibers (a basic unit from which fabric is made) are usually twisted together to form a yarn (fibers twisted together or laid side by side) The strength and thickness depend on the ply yarns (yarn made by twisting two or more single yarns together) Basic fabric construction: nonwoven fabric (fabric made using heat, moisture, and/or adhesive) woven fabric (made by interlacing lengthwise and crosswise yarns) knitted fabric (fabric made by looping yarns together)

2.3 List types of weaves and knits plain weave is made by passing a filling yarn over one warp yarn and then under one warp yarn. Over one under one pattern. muslin twill weave is made when a yarn in one direction floats(passes) over two or more yarns in the other direction. denim satin weave is made by floating a yarn from one direction over four or more yarns from the other direction then under one yarn. satin fabric

Characteristics of a Woven Fabric Woven fabrics have…. grain (direction that yarns run in woven fabric) selvage (side edges of a woven fabric, running in the direction of the lengthwise grain; formed by the filling yarns as they are turned to go back across the warp yarns; very strong and will not ravel) warp yarns (the longer yarns that run the length of the fabric) weft yarns (crosswise yarns in fabric; also known as filling yarns) WEFT GRAIN WARP SELVAGE SELVAGE

Knits weft knitting is the process of knitting in which loops are made as yarn is added in the crosswise direction of the fabric. T-shirts hosiery warp knitting is the process of knitting in which loops are made by one or more sets of warps yarns. Tricot jersey lace

2.4 Name processes for piece dyeing and printing fabrics Dyeing Fabric Piece dyeing is the process of dyeing in which color is added after the fabric has been made; most common method and least expensive Printing Fabric (transfer of color to the surface of a fabric to form a pattern) In roller printing the design is etched on copper rollers. A separate cylinder is used for each color. In rotary screen printing, the design is transferred onto a cylinder-shaped screen. There is a cylinder for each screen. Dye is forced through a pattern of holes in each screen. This is one of the newest and fasting printing methods.

2.5 Define laws and regulations related to clothing and textiles industry The Textile Fiber Products Identification Act (TFPIA) requires labels to tell what fibers are in the textile. The Care Labeling Rule states that all clothing (except hosiery) give clear, uniform, and detailed instructions for care and maintenance. The Flammable Fabrics Act specifies flammability standards for household textiles and apparel.

exports – products sent out of a country to other countries imports – products and goods that come into a country from a foreign country sweatshop – a manufacturing plant that may use child labor, pay less than minimum wages, no pay overtime, or have unclean or unsafe facilities