Fashion Merchandising 4.01 Textiles Fashion Merchandising 4.01

Fiber Fiber: the smallest unit in a textile fabric.

Yarn Yarn: A group of fibers twisted together to form a continuous strand.

Blend Blend: the combination of two or more fibers resulting in the best of each fiber. The picture below represents a wool, acrylic blend.

Denier Denier: Thickness or diameter of a fiber.

Fibers from plants (cellulosic) and animals (protein). Natural Fibers Fibers from plants (cellulosic) and animals (protein).

Cotton Cotton: soft, white, cool to wear, underwear and socks. PLANT.

Wool Wool: coat of sheep, warmest clothes, coats and blankets. ANIMAL.

Flax Flax: stem of a PLANT, becomes linen when woven.

Silk The fine, lustrous fiber that comes from a cocoon spun by a silkworm.

Leather Leather: tough, made by preserving animal hides, tanning.

Suede Suede: leather with a napped surface.

Fur Fur: soft, hairy coat of an animal, outerwear, trimmings, come from hides.

Fibers that are man-made and begin as thick liquids. Manufactured Fibers Fibers that are man-made and begin as thick liquids.

Polyester Polyester: made from coal, often blended with other fibers, washes great.

Nylon Nylon: dries quickly, resists wrinkles, clings to the wearer.

Acrylic Acrylic: resembles wool, soft, warm, bulky, yet lightweight.

Rayon Rayon: inexpensive, weak when wet.

Acetate Acetate: silky, luxurious, wrinkles easily, neckties and lingerie.

Spandex Spandex: ability to stretch, elastic feature, dance wear.

Interlacing one or more sets of yarns at right angles Weaving Interlacing one or more sets of yarns at right angles

Warp Strands that run lengthwise. Up and Down

Weft Strands that run crosswise. (right-left)

Bias Bias: The diagonal grain of a fabric. It gives (stretch).

Plain Weave The simplest and most common weave. Weft passes under each warp Chiffon/Tafetta

Twill Weave Weft passes under 2 or 3 warps diagonal design on the surface Very strong and durable Used in Denim

Satin Weave Weft passes under numerous warps produces a smooth, shiny surfaced fabric

Knitting Knitting: constructing fabric by looping yarns together.

Gauge Gauge: The number of stitches, or loops, per inch in a knitted fabric.

Weft Knit One yarn runs crosswise to form a horizontal row of loops Cut edges will curl Runs if snagged Jersey and Sweater knits

Warp Knit Several yarns creating loops in a lengthwise direction Selvage Edges – strong edge that does not ravel Very resistant to runs Used in lingere

Non-woven Fibers are compacted together. Moisture, heat, chemicals, or pressure Dryer Sheets Sterile Gowns and Caps Disposable Diapers

Quilting Quilted fabric. A layer of padding is sandwiched between two layers of fabric and held in place by stitching. Examples of use: bedspreads, placemats, and outerwear

Braided Interlacing 3 or more yarns to form a regular pattern

Laces and Nets Knotting, twisting, or looping yarns together

Finishing Finishing: applying colors, designs, or surface treatments to change the look, feel, performance of fabrics.

Types of Finishing Mechanical – finishes that are applied mechanically Affect the size and appearance Dyeing, Cutting, Brushing, Glazing, Embossing Chemical – Finishes that become part of the fabric through a chemical reaction Waterproofing, Stain Resistant, Flame Resistant

Bleaching (Chemical) Bleaching: chemical process that removes color, impurities, or spots

Dyeing (Mechanical) Adding color to fiber, yarn, or fabric

Printing (Mechanical) Adding a pattern or design to the surface of a fabric

Trends and Technology Equipment and Machinery Microfibers Faster, more efficient CAD – Computer aided design Microfibers Ultra-fine, soft, luxurious, inexpensive High-performance Sportswear Wicking – pulls sweat away, keeps body cooler

Trends and Technology Non-Wovens – Individuality Recycling Medical textiles – protection from bodily fluids Protection from hazardous materials SPF Garments Individuality Customize garments (monograms) Recycling

Plastic Soda Bottles Plastic soda bottles: recycled into t-shirts.

Fabric Government Regulations Wool Products Labeling Act (1939) Wool products must have percentage and type of wool listed on label Textile Fiber Products Identification Act (1958) All clothing labels list generic fiber content

Fabric Government Regulations Flammable Fabrics Act (1953) Regulates sale of highly flammable fabrics Prohibits extremely flammable fabrics http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=kb4tCcnA6jo

Fabric Government Regulations Permanent Care Labeling Act (1972) All clothing required to have care instruction labels Symbols were introduced in 1997