WASH Cluster – Emergency Training GWD GWD1 1 Groundwater Development and Drilling Session 1 Occurrence of Groundwater.

Slides:



Advertisements
Similar presentations
Types of Rocks and Their Formation
Advertisements

Classifying Rocks Geologists observe: Mineral composition Color
Rocks 6.E.2.1 Summarize the structure of the Earth, including the layers, the mantle and core based on the relative position,
Sedimentary Rocks. Sedimentary Rocks Sedimentary Rock Formation: Layers of sediment are deposited at the bottom of seas and lakes. Over millions.
The specification states that you need to be able to: The specification states that you need to be able to: Define and explain the following terms: Define.
Rocks Are made up of minerals
Chapter 2 Rocks: Mineral Mixtures
The Rock Cycle.
Sedimentary Rock Notes pp
Do Now What is a rock? Why do you think rocks look different?
2.4 Sedimentary Rocks.
LEFT CLICK OR PRESS SPACE BAR TO ADVANCE, PRESS P BUTTON TO GO BACK, PRESS ESC BUTTON TO END LEFT CLICK OR PRESS SPACE BAR TO ADVANCE, PRESS P BUTTON.
Types of Rocks and Their Formation
Rock Cycle. Goals You will be able to identify the basic characteristics of different types of rocks You will be able to label and identify all of the.
Copyright © 2014 All rights reserved, Government of Newfoundland and Labrador Earth Systems 3209 Unit: 3 Earth’s Materials Reference: Chapters 2, 3, 6,
Rocks Igneous Metamorphic Sedimentary. What is a Rock? A rock is composed of minerals Can be made of organic material Solid material that forms Earth’s.
The Rock Cycle: There are many different things that can happen to a rock that will change it into a different type of rock. Ex. Weathering/erosion/compaction/cementation.
ROCKS & MINERALS gE74Vltdc.
SOILS ONE OF THE MOST IMPORTANT SUBSTANCES IN THE WORLD!
Rock types and how they are made.. Write down the things that are underlined, if it is a definition then try to copy it for word. If it is a statement.
SOLID EARTH Prepared by Pat Davis, Science Teacher,
What’s So Special About ROCKS?
CLASSIFICATION OF ROCKS.  Rocks are defined as natural solid massive aggregates of minerals forming the crust of the earth.  Petrology is the branch.
Daily Warm-Up Exercises1 Day 2 When someone says a rock has fine grains or coarse grains, what are they talking about? Grains are the particles that make.
Rock Cycle Magma- Molten rock below the surface of the Earth Lava- Molten rock above the Earth’s surface Crystallization- When magma cools and forms igneous.
Sedimentary Igneous Metamorphic What are minerals? Minerals are naturally occurring, nonliving substances found in Earth. They have a chemical formula,
Classifying Rocks.
The rock cycle..
Rocks Rocks are made of minerals.
Versus. Rock on! Igneous Rocks …are solidified from mineral matter in a high-temperature molten state.
The Rock Cycle.
Earth Rocks Science & Minerals Sedimentary & Metamorphic Rocks.
Types of Rock and Their Formation. Sedimentary Rock Formation: Layers of sediment are deposited at the bottom of seas and lakes. Over millions of years.
Rocks Naturally occurring Solid substance Made of minerals 3 types of rocks Sedimentary Igneous Metamorphic.
What do: All have in common? Grand Canyon Grand Canyon Chalk Sidewalks
The Rock Cycle
Topic 3B – Rocks and the Rock Cycle Ms Cooke Earth Science
Igneous.
Form Group 80 17th April Types of Rocks... erosion sediments sedimentary metamorphic igneous intrusive volcanoe Grand Canyon.
The specification states that you need to be able to: The specification states that you need to be able to: Define and explain the following terms: Define.
There are 3 Major Rock Groups
Rock Makeup Bellwork. Bellwork 1.Rocks formed directly from volcanic (magma) that has cooled are _______rocks 2.Igneous rocks are classified by their.
The Earth’s surface is covered in sedimentary rock This rock is made from sediments. That are cemented together. Sediments are pieces of solid materials.
Classification of Rocks. 1. How do the crystals or minerals form in a rock? 2. Why do some rocks have layers? 3. Why do some rocks have rounded particles.
Unit 17 STRUCTURE OF THE EARTH. What are the different types of rocks? IGNEOUS ROCKS formed from molten rocks (magma) that flow to the Earth’s surface.
Get your notebook ready!. Today we’ll investigate… The rock cycle Minerals Next Week… Rock cycle Lab TEST!
Rocks.  Sedimentary rock: formed by pieces of rock carried by water, wind, or ice  Warm-Up:  What was your favorite food you ate on Thanksgiving? 
Rock Notes- 3 types of Rock
Rocks. Rocks are classified… …...According to formation –Igneous – volcanic material –Sedimentary – compressed remains –Metamorphic – changed by heat/pressure.
Watch Video What are rocks? Rock is a compact mass of mineral matter.
Texture The look and feel of the rocks surface, includes grain, crystals, and pattern.
Types of rock and their formation
Classifying Rocks Igneous rocks are classified according to their origin, texture, and mineral composition. Origin Did it harden inside the earth or.
Rocks & Minerals. Minerals are the ingredients of rocks like ingredients make up a cake.
The rock cycle..
What are rocks?.
Rocks Rock!.
Rocks Igneous Rocks Sedimentary Rocks Metamorphic Rocks The Rock Cycle.
Chapter 1.2 Earth’s Land and Water.
Classifying Rocks Geologists observe: Mineral composition Color
How Rocks are Formed: Sedimentary
THIS ROCKS! Mt. Rushmore is made from granite – an igneous rock.
Grade 7 Science Unit 4: The Earth’s Crust
Rocks.
The ROCK CYCLE.
Rocks and minerals How are they formed?.
Identify the Rocks Do Now.
Rocks.
Warm-up Page: 143, 1. Igneous rock masses that form underground are called _______________. intrusions Page: 144, 2. A ____________ is a vent through which.
Presentation transcript:

WASH Cluster – Emergency Training GWD GWD1 1 Groundwater Development and Drilling Session 1 Occurrence of Groundwater

WASH Cluster – Emergency Training GWD GWD1 Session Objectives 2 Provide an understanding of how groundwater occurs in nature Examine how this can influence: the location of potential groundwater sources, and the means of developing the source

WASH Cluster – Emergency Training GWD GWD1 3

WASH Cluster – Emergency Training GWD GWD1 What is Groundwater? 4 After: US Geological Survey website:

WASH Cluster – Emergency Training GWD GWD1 Three broad groups of rocks are: –igneous rocks - formed by heat crystallized below the surface of the earth (plutonic rocks) erupted at the surface through volcanoes (volcanic rocks) –sedimentary rocks deposited in layers in rivers, lakes, the sea or by wind –metamorphic rocks – transformed from sedimentary or igneous rocks under heat and/or pressure. Types of rocks 5

WASH Cluster – Emergency Training GWD GWD1 Rocks are aggregates of mineral particles 6 From Longwell, Flint, Sanders 1969, Wiley International interlocking crystalline rock (A) cemented particulate rock (B)

WASH Cluster – Emergency Training GWD GWD1 Typical crystalline rocks 7 Slate (black) invaded by quartz veins Gneiss Granitic rocks

WASH Cluster – Emergency Training GWD GWD1 Crystalline rocks 8 Groundwater is stored in fractures in crystalline rocks - therefore sporadic in extent and volume.

WASH Cluster – Emergency Training GWD GWD1 Basalt Variety of different cracks – water is stored in the cracks, and also flows through the cracks in the subsurface 9

WASH Cluster – Emergency Training GWD GWD1 10 Vesicles in basalt – the vesicles are generally not interconnected. the porosity in basalts is largely through cracks and fractures Drill core covering a vertical profile of basalt

WASH Cluster – Emergency Training GWD GWD1 hard, consolidated OR unconsolidated Sedimentary Deposits 11

WASH Cluster – Emergency Training GWD GWD1 12 sandstone with sand grains strongly cemented and no porosity finely layered cemented fine sandstone

WASH Cluster – Emergency Training GWD GWD1 13 Coarse river gravel with large open pore spaces. Thick layers of this material store large volumes of water Coarse pebbles cemented together to form conglomerate – these rocks have low porosity and generally only hold water in fractures

WASH Cluster – Emergency Training GWD GWD1 Consolidated Sedimentary Rocks 14 Continuous layering (bedding) in flat-lying sediments, Grand Canyon USA. On RHS vertical cracks show how these consolidated rocks fracture Strongly tilted layers of fine grained siltstone, with very few visible open cracks

WASH Cluster – Emergency Training GWD GWD1 Unconsolidated sediments 15 Sand and Gravel forms porous aquifers

WASH Cluster – Emergency Training GWD GWD1 Can be very hard OR Relatively unconsolidated Can have high porosity because of cavities and caves Limestone 16

WASH Cluster – Emergency Training GWD GWD1 17 Limestone showing fossil fragments as well as cavities formed by solution of particles

WASH Cluster – Emergency Training GWD GWD1 18 Limestone caves and cavities provide huge porosity and massive flows of groundwater

WASH Cluster – Emergency Training GWD GWD1 Fractured rock aquifers: –no primary porosity in crystalline rocks and consolidated sedimentary rocks –Porosity due to fractures Porous media –unconsolidated granular material with open pore spaces (unconsolidated sediments) “Karst” –associated with limestone deposits and cave systems. Aquifer types and porosity 19

WASH Cluster – Emergency Training GWD GWD1 How Aquifers occur 20

WASH Cluster – Emergency Training GWD GWD1 Knowing the rock type helps work out : –Where to search –The extent and depth of the aquifer –How to develop the groundwater source (eg drilling method) –The volume available Why is this useful 21

WASH Cluster – Emergency Training GWD GWD1 22 CASE STUDY 1: APPLICATION OF GEOLOGY IN IDENTIFYING GROUNDWATER SOURCES IN CHAD

WASH Cluster – Emergency Training GWD GWD1 23 EXERCISE 1: WHAT CAN WE FIND FROM A GEOLOGICAL MAP