1 Sex in the City *, Broadband in the Bedroom or A Place for Everything and Everything in its Place John M Meredith 3GPP Specifications Manager and 3GPP Support Team Manager * With apologies to HBO for corrupting their title. Broadband Russia & CIS Summit 2006 Moscow November 2006

2 Sex in the City, Broadband in the Bedroom A few years ago, it was the other way around. sex in the bedroombroadband in the city

3 Photo: HBO Sex in the City, Broadband in the Bedroom But now we can’t live without always-on broadband access not only at work and at home, and soon in the car or train travelling between the two. And on holiday, when we’re working from home waiting for the plumber to call. When we’re studying or relaxing, …

4 CEPT GSM decision to use TDMA technology Phase 1 Phase 2 Phase 2+ (R96) Service provider display EFR codec Multiband operation & roaming 3V SIM SMS Cell Broadcast discontinuous operation … R kb/s data Data compression High Speed Circuit Switched Data (HSCSD) PRM functions (group call, broadcast call, …) Multi-level precedence and pre-emption Fast moving mobile SIM application toolkit … Enhanced Advanced Speech Call Calling Name presentation, CCBS, … services Improved fault management SIM security Private Numbering Plan GPRS (1) … R98 Mobile IP interworking Lawful interception Number portability GPRS (2) EDGE … 1987 GSM standardization transferred to ETSI Evolution of GSM Releases 3GPP created

R >>>>>>> Work transferred from ETSI to 3GPP >>>>>>> 2000 Rel-4 Rel-5 New codecs, codec management Low chip rate TDD UMTS variant Location based services enhancement … UMTS Tx site diversity selection LCS enhancements IP multimedia subsystem (IMS) Adaptive multirate codec E-to-e QoS concepts … Rel-6 Rel-7 UTRAN Long Term Evolution study System Architecture study MIMO studies UTRAN/GERAN/GAN handover … Rel-8 IMS (2) inc interworking with other IP networks Packet-switched streaming services Enhanced network security Electrically tilting antennas PS conversational codec characterization GERAN flexible layer 1 Generic access to GERAN services HSPA+ study … See next slide for Rel-8 contents Evolution of GSM and UMTS Releases UMTS radio technology (WCDMA) Charging & billing enhancements GPRS p-p service 1.5V SIM Virtual Home Environment OSA …

6 Release 8 contents Standards for: Enhanced UTRAN [ie LTE] (layer 1, 2, 3, performance requirements, testing) E-UTRAN interworking with GERAN eCall data transfer Services alignment (for FMC) Reduced signalling latency … Studies on: IMS service brokering architecture IMS convergent multimedia conferencing Public Warning System Call continuity in emergency calls Consumer protection against spam and malware Dynamic terminal reconfiguration to minimize power consumption …

7 Evolution of data rates over the years …

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10 Data rates Unlike data rates on fixed lines, which are generally constant, data rates on radio access networks can vary with factors such as … Interference (C/I) Modulation type and coding scheme Number of users in cell Number of simultaneous calls in cell, and their type Cell size Distance of mobile from base station … So beware of theoretical figures! Charts: 3G Americas

11 GSM HSCSD GPRS EDGE Enhanced EDGE Evolution of Radio Access Technologies WCDMA HSUPA EHSPA LTE | | HSPA | HSDPA The performance of EDGE technology is (watch out, implicit pun coming) on the boundary between 2G and 3G as defined by ITU’s IMT-2000 concept. In some markets, this has led to confusion over whether operators with 2G-only licences can run EDGE on their network. | | | | UTRAN | | | | | | | GERAN | | |

12 Common frequency bands - GERAN GSM owes its early success at least in part to an agreement that all CEPT member countries should allocate the same frequency bands to the GSM service. GSM’s slow start in North America was in part due to the unavailability of the European GSM frequencies in the USA and Canada. 900 MHz 1800 MHz 850 MHz 1900 MHz Over the Releases, the GSM standards have been extended to include other bands for use in particular markets (particular countries, specialist applications). 700 MHz 450 MHz 410 MHz 810 MHz … Quad-band mobile terminals are commonly available, and are usable in most territories of the world.

13 Common frequency bands - UTRAN WRC allocated common frequencies for UTRA on a world-wide basis. Further bands have subsequently been allocated on a regional basis. (See table on next slide.) 2100 MHz 2600 MHz 1900 MHz 1700/2100 MHz 1700 MHz 1800 MHz 900 MHz 850 MHz … As 3G takes over from 2G, so the 2G bands can be used for 3G service. 700 MHz 450 MHz 410 MHz 810 MHz … Multi-RAT mobile terminals are commonly available, typically supporting GERAN (GSM/GPRS/EDGE) and UTRAN.

14 Operating Band UL Frequencies UE transmit, Node B receive DL frequencies UE receive, Node B transmit I MHz MHz II MHz MHz III MHz MHz IV MHz MHz V MHz MHz VI MHz MHz VII MHz MHz VIII MHz MHz IX MHz MHz UTRA FDD bands Source: 3GPP TS UL/DL Frequencies UE / Node B transmit & receive MHz MHz MHz MHz MHz MHz UTRA TDD bands Source: 3GPP TS Chip rates: 3.84 Mcps 1.28 Mcps (“low chip rate”) 7.68 Mcps (“high chip rate”)

15 Coverage maps: GSM Association Near-global coverage by 3GPP technologies

16 LTE GSM HSCSD GPRS EDGE Enhanced EDGE WCDMA HSUPA EHSPA | | HSPA | HSDPA | | | | GERAN | | | | | | | UTRAN | | | E-UTRA Initial aims: Reduced cost per bit Increased service provisioning – more services at lower cost with better user experience Flexibility of use of existing and new frequency bands Simplified architecture, open interfaces Allow for reasonable terminal power consumption

17 E-UTRA Also … Reduce the number of options Network operators need to have more say in development work. Next Generation Mobile Networks initiative * * NGMN members: China Mobile Communications Corporation, KPN Mobile NV, NTT DoCoMo Inc., Orange SA, Sprint Nextel Corporation, T-Mobile International AG & Co KG, Vodafone Group PLC. objective: "establish clear performance targets, fundamental recommendations and deployment scenarios for a future wide area mobile broadband network"

18 E-UTRA Concretely … Peak data rate Instantaneous downlink peak data rate of 100 Mb/s within a 20 MHz downlink spectrum allocation (5 bps/Hz) Instantaneous uplink peak data rate of 50 Mb/s (2.5 bps/Hz) within a 20 MHz uplink spectrum allocation) Control-plane latency Transition time of less than 100 ms from a camped state, such as Release 6 Idle Mode, to an active state such as Rel-6 CELL_DCH Transition time of less than 50 ms between a dormant state such as Release 6 CELL_PCH and an active state such as Rel-6 CELL_DCH Control-plane capacity At least 200 users per cell should be supported in the active state for spectrum allocations up to 5 MHz User-plane latency Less than 5 ms in unloaded condition (ie single user with single data stream) for small IP packet User throughput Downlink: average user throughput per MHz, 3 to 4 times Rel-6 HSDPA Uplink: average user throughput per MHz, 2 to 3 times Rel-6 Enhanced uplink Spectrum efficiency Downlink: In a loaded network, target for spectrum efficiency (bits/sec/Hz/site), 3 to 4 times Rel-6 HSDPA ) Uplink: In a loaded network, target for spectrum efficiency (bits/sec/Hz/site), 2 to 3 times Rel-6 Enhanced Uplink

19 Mobility E-UTRAN should be optimized for low mobile speed from 0 to 15 km/h Higher mobile speed between 15 and 120 km/h should be supported with high performance Mobility across the cellular network shall be maintained at speeds from 120 km/h to 350 km/h (or even up to 500 km/h depending on the frequency band) E-UTRA … Coverage Throughput, spectrum efficiency and mobility targets above should be met for 5 km cells, and with a slight degradation for 30 km cells. Cells range up to 100 km should not be precluded. Further Enhanced Multimedia Broadcast Multicast Service (MBMS) While reducing terminal complexity: same modulation, coding, multiple access approaches and UE bandwidth than for unicast operation. Provision of simultaneous dedicated voice and MBMS services to the user. Available for paired and unpaired spectrum arrangements. Spectrum flexibility E-UTRA shall operate in spectrum allocations of different sizes, including 1.25 MHz, 1.6 MHz, 2.5 MHz, 5 MHz, 10 MHz, 15 MHz and 20 MHz in both the uplink and downlink. Operation in paired and unpaired spectrum shall be supported The system shall be able to support content delivery over an aggregation of resources including Radio Band Resources (as well as power, adaptive scheduling, etc) in the same and different bands, in both uplink and downlink and in both adjacent and non-adjacent channel arrangements. A “Radio Band Resource” is defined as all spectrum available to an operator

20 E-UTRA … Co-existence and Inter-working with 3GPP Radio Access Technology (RAT) Co-existence in the same geographical area and co-location with GERAN/UTRAN on adjacent channels. E-UTRAN terminals supporting also UTRAN and/or GERAN operation should be able to support measurement of, and handover from and to, both 3GPP UTRAN and 3GPP GERAN. The interruption time during a handover of real-time services between E-UTRAN and UTRAN (or GERAN) should be less than 300 msec. Architecture and migration Single E-UTRAN architecture The E-UTRAN architecture shall be packet based, although provision should be made to support systems supporting real-time and conversational class traffic E-UTRAN architecture shall minimize the presence of "single points of failure" E-UTRAN architecture shall support an end-to-end QoS Backhaul communication protocols should be optimised Radio Resource Management requirements Enhanced support for end to end QoS Efficient support for transmission of higher layers Support of load sharing and policy management across different Radio Access Technologies Complexity Minimize the number of options No redundant mandatory features

21 E-UTRA Conclusions of study phase: Downlink: Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing QPSK, 16QAM, 64QAM Uplink: Single Carrier – Frequency Division Multiple Access (pi/2-shift) BPSK, QPSK, 8PSK, 16QAM MIMO with up to 4 antennas at both mobile and Node B Simplified architecture

22 E-UTRA Further information: 3GPP TR Evolved Universal Terrestrial Radio Access (E-UTRA) and Evolved Universal Terrestrial Radio Access Network (E-UTRAN); Radio interface protocol aspects 3GPP TSs and TRs of 36.-series

23 Introduction of E-UTRA

24 Conclusion … 3GPP technologies show a continuing evolutionary path: GSM GPRS EDGE UMTS HSPA E-UMTS … which will keep them competitive not only with other mobile technologies but with wireline broadband for years to come.

25 For more information… or contact or contact

26 and finally…. Thank you for your attention Now Time for your Questions