QUALIFEX Health related quality of life and radio frequency electromagnetic field exposure: Prospective cohort study Patrizia Frei, MSc Department of Social and Preventive Medicine, University of Bern, Switzerland
ISEE CEEC Conference, Czech Republic, Nov 26 th -29 th 2 The electromagnetic Spectrum Static EMF Low frequency EMF Radio frequency EMF Infra- red LightUVIonizing Radiation Electromagnetic Fields (EMF) Optical Radiation Non-ionizing Radiation (NIS) Radio frequency electromagnetic fields (RF EMF) Basics (1)
ISEE CEEC Conference, Czech Republic, Nov 26 th -29 th 3 Basics (2) Radio frequency electromagnetic fields (RF EMF): —Radio transmitters —Television transmitters —Tetrapol (radio communication for authorities) —Mobile phones (GSM and UMTS) —Mobile phone base stations (GSM and UMTS) —Cordless phones (DECT) —Wireless LAN Non-specific symptoms that are frequently attributed to RF EMF: —headache —dizziness —tiredness —discomfort —itching skin —sleep disorder
ISEE CEEC Conference, Czech Republic, Nov 26 th -29 th 4 QUALIFEX: Study Overview Exposimeter Study: Measurements with exposimeter Diary Questionnaire on exposure 200 participants Main Study: Questionnaire on expo- sure and health Follow-up after one year 2000 participants Sleep Study: Measurement with Actimeter Sleep diary 120 participants Year 1 (2007) Years 2, 3 & 4 (2008 until 2010) Exposure assessment method
ISEE CEEC Conference, Czech Republic, Nov 26 th -29 th 5 QUALIFEX: Study Overview Exposimeter Study: Measurements with exposimeter Diary Questionnaire on exposure 200 participants Main Study: Questionnaire on expo- sure and health Follow-up after one year 2000 participants Sleep Study: Measurement with Actimeter Sleep diary 120 participants Year 1 (2007) Years 2, 3 & 4 (2008 until 2010) Exposure assessment method
ISEE CEEC Conference, Czech Republic, Nov 26 th -29 th 6 Study area Exposimeter Exposimeter study
ISEE CEEC Conference, Czech Republic, Nov 26 th -29 th 7 Exposimeter study: Statistical methods Summary statistics: —Median and interquartile range Statistical analysis: —Significance test of group difference: Wilcoxon rank-sum (Mann-Whitney) test —Level of significance: * 0.01 < p < 0.05 ** < p < 0.01 *** p < 0.001
ISEE CEEC Conference, Czech Republic, Nov 26 th -29 th 8 Preliminary results (1): example of a daily exposure pattern bedroom train call with cordless phone station tram train WLAN office lunch break
ISEE CEEC Conference, Czech Republic, Nov 26 th -29 th 9 Preliminary results (2): Results from the first 140 study participants > Median exposure over one week: 0.20 V/m (interquartile range: V/m) > Contributions of the different sources to the total exposure
ISEE CEEC Conference, Czech Republic, Nov 26 th -29 th 10 Preliminary results (3): Comparison of different groups 1. Living close to mobile phone base stations or a radio/TV transmitter (fixed transmitter) 2. Owning a cordless phone 3. Owning a mobile phone 4. Owning WLAN
ISEE CEEC Conference, Czech Republic, Nov 26 th -29 th 11 1.Living close to a fixed transmitter nTotal exposure (V/m) Exposure to fixed transmitter (V/m) People living close to a fixed transmitter (highly exposed group) Unselected volunteers (reference group) Wilcoxon rank-sum testp=0.004p< *** * **
ISEE CEEC Conference, Czech Republic, Nov 26 th -29 th 12 2.Owning a cordless phone nTotal exposure (V/m) Exposure to cordl. phone (V/m) Persons owning a cordless phone Persons not owning a cordl. phone Wilcoxon rank-sum testp=0.127p< *** *
ISEE CEEC Conference, Czech Republic, Nov 26 th -29 th 13 3.Owning a mobile phone nTotal exposure (V/m) Exposure to mobile phone (V/m) Persons owning a mobile phone Persons not owning a mob. phone Wilcoxon rank-sum testp=0.013p=0.003 ** ***
ISEE CEEC Conference, Czech Republic, Nov 26 th -29 th 14 4.Owning WLAN nTotal exposure (V/m) Exposure to WLAN (V/m) Persons owning WLAN Persons not owning WLAN Wilcoxon rank-sum testp=0.826p<0.001 *** **
ISEE CEEC Conference, Czech Republic, Nov 26 th -29 th 15 Conclusions and Outlook In our sample of 140 persons, the main contributions to the total exposure is due to mobile phones, cordless phones and mobile phone base stations In terms of total exposure, there are significant differences between persons living close to transmitters and those not, and between people owning a mobile phone and those not Further multivariable analyses are needed to investigate combined effects of all predictors (multiple linear regression model)