Nationalism, World War One and the Russian Revolution Review Exercise For each group of Learning Targets (# not letter) write one question on your group’s test. Your test should include only 2 short answer and 1 extended response writing questions the rest should be multiple choice.

Week #1 1a. Nationalism is the desire for self rule, the desire to unite culturally under a single government, the desire to be superior to other countries 1b. Nationalism can be both unifying and divisive 1c. Nation/State is a group of people who have common bonds (nationality, history, language, culture…) 2a. Former slaves in Haiti led a revolution against the French 2b. Bolivar led revolts in many countries in South America in an attempt to establish self rule( Venezuela, Columbia) 2c. In Mexico Hidalgo led the common people to revolt against Spanish rule 2d. Reasons for revolution included the oppressive social structure, enlightenment ideas, and desire for self-rule. 3a. Congress of Vienna redraws the borders of Europe with no regard to cultural boundaries after the Napoleonic Wars 3b. Monarchs are restored to thrones in many European countries by the Congress of Vienna 4a. Italy was a divided country economically (north- industrial, south-agriculture), politically they had no central government and strong foreign influence, socially they were unified by culture 4b. Revolt and diplomacy led to the unification of Italy as one Nation/State 4c. Count Cavour and Giuseppe Garibaldi led the unification effort

Week #2 1a. Germany was a divided country economically, politically they had no central government and strong foreign influence, socially they were unified by culture 1b. The state of Prussia under the leadership of Bismarck used military force to unify the German states and to eliminate foreign influences 1c. Bismarck’s goal was to make Germany strong industrially, and militarily at the expense of democratic rule (realpolitik) 2a. Russia was ruled as an autocracy (absolute authority), culturally diverse, economically depressed 2b. Attempts to revolt failed (Revolution of 1905, Decembrist Revolt) and Russia remains under Czarist control (absolute authority) – Nationalism fails at this time 3a. Austria-Hungary was a dual monarchy ( both countries were ruled by one King), culturally and economically divided 3b. There were many nationalities who wanted to break free of the monarchy and used violence to express their discontent with the government 3c. The dual monarchy stays politically in control

Week #3 1a. Militarism – there was build up around the world of military power 1b. Imperialism – The competition for colonies(resources) across the world caused countries to fight with each other 1c. Nationalism – countries developed strong patriotic views which leads to conflict with neighboring countries 1d. Alliances- Major alliances were formed (Triple Alliance and Triple Entente) 1e. Conflict in the Balkans – European countries were fighting for control of the Balkan peninsula 1f. Assassination of the Archduke of Austria-Hungary by the black hand (Serbian nationalist) – the spark

Week #4 1a. Austria-Hungary declares war on Serbia leading to a chain reaction of countries entering the war based on their alliances 1b. Schlieffen Plan – explains the German battle plan which leads to trench warfare and a two front war 2a. Western Front – trench warfare was used and lead to the a war of attrition (more people and resources creates advantage) 2b. Eastern Front – the fighting was more mobile and the Russians had significant loses due to lack of industrialization 3a. Machine guns, airplanes, submarines, tanks, poison gas, and trench warfare were all new techniques used during WWI that made the war different from past wars

Week #5 1a. Recruitment-used for propaganda 1b. Financing-used for propaganda 1c. Unifying (nationalism) –used for propaganda 1d. Conservation of resources- used for propaganda 1e. Participation on the home front-used for propaganda 2a. Sinking of the Lusitania 2b. Zimmerman note 2c. Submarine warfare/economic reasons

Week #6 1a. The losses from WWI lead to growing discontent and revolution in Russia 1b. A provisional government is established and is ineffective which enables Lenin and the Bolsheviks to take control of Russia with a promise of “peace, land and bread” 2a. Lenin tries to win popularity with the people and signs The Treaty of Brest- litovsk – which removes Russia from the war 3a. The United States is a dominating force and increases the number of troops of the Allies which overwhelms the central powers 4a. The Treaty establishes how Germany will be treated after the war (disarmament, lose land, taking blame, reparations) 4b. The treaty also created resentment from Germany and other Allies which leads to future hostilities (who was given what) 5a. Europe is economically and physically destroyed. Large scale casualties. 5b. The changes to the European map which include the break-up of Germany, Austria-Hungary and the Ottoman empire.