Bellwork 11/12/14 1.Did you choose to write a Prequel or a Sequel to “The Croods”? 2.What is the title? 3.Name the dominate organisms and major Geologic events that occurred during your movie. **When you are finished update your Target Test scores! On your desk: 1.P.R.I.D.E card 2.I.N. 3.Pencil/Pen 4.Croods Worksheet

Plate Tectonics

Learning Targets for this Unit LT10- Describe Alfred Wegener’s theory of continental drift. – - Justify (with evidence) that continental drift occurs. LT11- Describe the properties and composition of the major layers of the Earth (crust, mantle, and core). – - Explain how scientists know about the Earth’s interior without viewing it. LT12- Explain how convection causes plates to move. – - Explain how thermal heat can be transferred (conduction, convection and radiation) LT13- Explain how plate tectonics are involved in the formation of the Earth’s structure. – Describe landforms that are formed at plate boundaries (convergent, divergent, and transform boundaries)

What in the WORLD?? Watch the video clip and write down what is happening. Explain the phenomena!

PLATE TECTONICS Has the Earth always looked like it looks today?? NO! The plates have moved… BUT HOW????????

We need to do some Research! Chapter 4: Section 2 (Pages ) 1.Cite evidence from the reading that supports the idea that the Earth structure is ALWAYS CHANGING! 2.Highlight key vocabulary 3.Study for Target Test 10 (Friday) LT10- Describe Alfred Wegener’s theory of continental drift. - Justify (with evidence) that continental drift occurs.

Bellwork 11/13/14 1. Who came up with the theory of continental drift? Alfred Wegener 2. List 3 pieces of evidence that shows that the Earth’s structure is always changing. -fossil evidence -Sea-floor spreading -Magnetic striping On your desk: 1.P.R.I.D.E card 2.I.N. 3.Pencil/Pen

What in the WORLD?? Watch the video clip and write down what is happening. Explain the phenomena!

PLATE TECTONICS Plate Tectonics- – theory that explains the formation and movement of earth’s plates Continental Drift- – Alfred Wegener's theory that continents were once joined in a single supercontinent, called Pangaea, which then broke into pieces that moved apart. – Move 0.4 to 6.3 in. per year

Evidence of Continental Drift 1. Fossil Evidence- Many fossils matched up perfectly once the continents were put together. The continents also fit together like puzzle pieces.

Evidence of Continental Drift 2. Sea-Floor Spreading- the process by which new oceanic crust is formed as magma rises toward the surface and solidifies. – There is a chain of submerged mountains that runs through the center of the Atlantic Ocean.

Evidence of Continental Drift 3. Magnetic Reversals- Throughout Earth’s history, the North and South poles have switched places many times! – Molten rock contains grains of magnetic minerals – When the molten rock cools, the minerals align with the magnetic field of the Earth leaving behind a record that is “set in stone”. They did have an idea… convection currents! ……But at this time scientists were still trying to explain HOW the continents moved.

Let’s collect some data!! Answer the question on the right side of the white board. Put a tally next to your choice!

Activity: Chapter 4: Section 2 Output: Answer the questions on page 107 Reminders: – Write in complete sentences – Write the question AND answer

Bellwork 11/14/14 You have 5 minutes to review for Target Test 10! LT10- Describe Alfred Wegener’s theory of continental drift. - Justify (with evidence) that continental drift occurs. On your desk: 1.P.R.I.D.E card 2.I.N. 3.Pencil/Pen 4.Ch. 4 Section 2 Questions

Target Test 10 LT10- Describe Alfred Wegener’s theory of continental drift. - Justify (with evidence) that continental drift occurs.

1. You are going on a journey to the center of the Earth!! 2. Describe what it would be like as you traveled through each layer! Bellwork 11/17/14 On your desk: 1.P.R.I.D.E card 2.I.N. 3.Pencil/Pen

We will be taking a look at the Earth in 2 different ways… Composition- what the Earth’s layers are made of Physical Structure- Layers of the Earth based on their movement

Let’s have a slice!!

Composition of the Earth Core Mantle Crust

The Crust The outermost and thinnest layer of the Earth Only 1% of the Earth’s volume! Continental Crust: Crust beneath the continents Low Density 2-4 miles thick Oceanic Crust: Crust beneath the ocean High Density miles thick

The Mantle Located underneath the crust More dense than the crust Mostly a solid (like silly putty) 80% of the Earth’s volume ***Convection Currents found here!

The Core Center of the planet Composed of iron (Fe) and Nickel(Ni)

Layers of the Earth Song

Now that we know the layers… These layers are grouped by their physical properties Lithosphere Asthenosphere Mesosphere Outer Core Inner Core

Physical Structure of the Earth Core Mantle Crust Lithosphere Asthenosphere Mesosphere Outer Core Inner Core

Lithosphere- the crust and upper layer of the mantle Rigid rock Asthenosphere- Area that of the middle mantle Plastic rock involved in tectonic movement, plates “float” Mesosphere- area of the mantle under the asthenosphere Rigid rock

The Outer Core The outer core is so hot (4,000 degrees F to 9,000 degrees F) that the metal elements are molten, which means they are liquid. Composed of iron and nickel The outer core is 2,300 km thick

The Inner Core The innermost part of the Earth and is 1200km thick (size of the moon) Composed of iron Over 9000 degrees F …… but it’s a SOLID???!!!! The melting point of materials vary depending on the pressure. The extremely high pressures in the Earth's inner core drive the melting point of the iron up beyond the temperature that occurs in the inner core.

How to remember the 5 physical Structures of the Earth…in order Using the hand method

1 st Layer LITHOSPHERE

2 nd Layer ASTHENOSPHERE

3 rd Layer What would three scared foreigners say if they don’t speak english and are trapped under two of Earth’s physical structures? MESOSPHERE (ME SO FEAR)

4 TH Layer What was Lincoln know for saying? Four S CORE and 7 years ago. (Outer)

5 th Layer INNER CORE No you’re not hardcore unless you have been to the…

How to remember the 5 physical Structures of the Earth…in order Using the hand method

1 st Layer LITHOSPHERE

2 nd Layer ASTHENOSPHERE

3 rd Layer What would three scared foreigners say if they don’t speak english and are trapped under two of Earth’s physical structures? MESOSPHERE (ME SO FEAR)

4 TH Layer What was Lincoln know for saying? Four S CORE and 7 years ago. (Outer)

5 th Layer INNER CORE No you’re not hardcore unless you have been to the…

Density The density of the Earth increases as you move towards the core! Density DEMO!! Which is the most dense? Least dense?

Where is it the hottest? The Earth gets hotter as you go deeper! – Crust ( ~347 o F) – Mantle (~2280 o F) – Outer core (~7000 o F) So hot that the rocks actually melt! – Inner core (~10,800 o F) So hot that the rocks melt BUT so much pressure that they remain a solid!

Why is the Interior so hot? It contains radioactive isotopes. – Uranium, Thorium, and Potassium Their nuclei break up (decay) releasing energy as they become smaller nuclei. Earth is huge…so there is a lot of energy being released.

How do we know what the Earth interior looks like if we have never been there!??! Seismic waves The changes in the speed of seismic waves that travel through Earth’s interior have been measured and scientists have figured out it is made up of different layers based on their speed.

Target Test 11 TOMORROW!! LT11- Describe the properties and composition of the major layers of the Earth (crust, mantle, and core). - Explain how scientists know about the Earth’s interior without viewing it.

Quick Quiz Label each of the 3 layers of the Earth (composition!)

Where do we get ALL our ENERGY?? Yes…. The SUN!

Energy Transfer in the Atmosphere

How do the plates move???? Scientists aren’t quite sure… …but they think it might be due to convection currents. Found in the mantle! Convection currents are caused by the very hot material at the deepest part of the mantle rising, then cooling, sinking again and then heating, rising and repeating the cycle over and over.

Convection Currents When the convection currents flow in the mantle they also move the crust. A conveyor belt in a factory moves boxes like the convection currents in the mantle moves the plates of the Earth.

Let’s see this in action!  Water rises because it’s less dense… then cools and sinks as it becomes more dense.

Practice Worksheet!

Bell work 11/18/14 Draw two slices of the Earth! 1.Label the layers of composition. 2.Label the layers of physical structure. On your desk: 1.P.R.I.D.E card 2.I.N. 3.Pencil/Pen

Target Test 11 TODAY!! LT11- Describe the properties and composition of the major layers of the Earth (crust, mantle, and core). - Explain how scientists know about the Earth’s interior without viewing it.

Target Test 12: (tomorrow) convection currents

Bell work 11/19/14 1.How hot is the inner core of the Earth? – 10,800 degrees F 2.Why is it so hot inside the Earth. **Be specific!! – It contains radioactive isotopes. Uranium, Thorium, and Potassium – Their nuclei break up (decay) releasing energy as they become smaller nuclei. On your desk: 1.P.R.I.D.E card 2.I.N. 3.Pencil/Pen

Target Test 12: convection currents

Plate Tectonics Reading (due Thursday) 1.Read article 2.Highlight main ideas/vocabulary 3.Answer the questions

Bell work 11/20/14 1. Describe what is happening at a divergent boundary. Plates are moving apart 2. Describe what is happening at a transform boundary. Plates are sliding past each other 3. Describe what is happening at a convergent boundary. Plates are moving towards each other On your desk: 1.P.R.I.D.E card 2.I.N. 3.Pencil/Pen 4.Plate Boundary Worksheet

Plate Tectonics Reading (due today!) 1.Read article 2.Highlight main ideas/vocabulary 3.Answer the questions

The creation of new crust The destruction of old crust The movement of the Earth’s plates cause…

Sea-floor spreading- creates new oceanic crust at mid-ocean ridges. Subduction- destroys old oceanic crust at subduction zones. The movement of the Earth’s plates cause…

Sea-floor Spreading Would you expect the middle of the ocean to be its deepest point? – Why or why not?

Mid-Ocean ridges are found in the Ocean

Subduction Trench- – as a plate sinks through a subduction zone, it bends forming a depression in the ocean floor. What is the deepest point in the ocean? – Mariana’s Trench

3 Different Types of Boundaries plates-and-plate-boundaries/

1. Divergent Boundary – two plates are moving APART from one another Arabian and African Plates

2. Convergent Boundary – Two plates are moving TOWARDS one another Indian and Eurasian Plates

What happens when plates run into plates? Mariana Trench  – Lowest point on Earth. 35,798 ft below sea level.  Mount Everest from space.  Highest point on Earth  29,028 ft above sea level.

3. Transform Boundary – Two plates are moving PAST each other HORIZONATALLY San Andreas Fault

Foldable!!! (output side) Convergent Boundary Divergent Boundary Transform Boundary Add a picture of each boundary!! **Use arrows to show movement 1. Definition 2. What features are formed? 3. Draw a picture of one of the features. 1. Definition 2. What features are formed? 3. Draw a picture of one of the features. 1. Definition 2. What features are formed? 3. Draw a picture of one of the features.

Bell work 11/21/14 1. What tectonic plate is North America located on? North American Plate 2. What tectonic plate is Africa located on? African Plate 3. What tectonic plate is Hawaii located on? Pacific Plate On your desk: 1.P.R.I.D.E card 2.I.N. 3.Pencil/Pen X X X

Foldable!!! (output side) Convergent Boundary Divergent Boundary Transform Boundary Add a picture of each boundary!! **Use arrows to show movement 1. Definition 2. What features are formed? 3. Draw a picture of one of the features. 1. Definition 2. What features are formed? 3. Draw a picture of one of the features. 1. Definition 2. What features are formed? 3. Draw a picture of one of the features.

A review of Plate Boundaries

Target Test 12 LT12- Explain how convection causes plates to move. - Explain how thermal heat can be transferred (conduction, convection and radiation)

Coloring the Plate boundaries- worksheet

Three Types of Boundaries Divergent Plate Boundary Convergent Plate Boundary Transform Plate Boundary Complex or Uncertain Plate Boundary Mantle Hot Spot

Target Test 13 LT13- Explain how plate tectonics are involved in the formation of the Earth’s structure. Describe landforms that are formed at plate boundaries (convergent, divergent, and transform boundaries)

Bell work 11/6/13 1. Describe what is happening at a divergent boundary. Plates are moving apart 2. Describe what is happening at a transform boundary. Plates are sliding past each other 3. Describe what is happening at a convergent boundary. Plates are moving towards each other On your desk: 1.P.R.I.D.E card 2.I.N. 3.Pencil/Pen

Bell work 11/7/13 1. What tectonic plate is North America located on? North American Plate 2. What tectonic plate is Africa located on? African Plate 3. What tectonic plate is Hawaii located on? Pacific Plate On your desk: 1.P.R.I.D.E card 2.I.N. 3.Pencil/Pen 4.Plate Boundary Map (HW)

Bell work 11/8/13 On your desk: 1.P.R.I.D.E card 2.I.N. 3.Pencil/Pen 4.Study Guide You have 10 minutes to work on your study guide before we play… PLATE TECTONICS

Plate Boundaries 8

Bell work 11/12/13 On your desk: 1.P.R.I.D.E card 2.I.N. 3.Pencil/Pen 4.Study Guide You have 10 minutes to study (quietly) for the Plate Tectonics Exam

Review!