Lecture 2 – Ocean Zones and Basins. Atlantic Ocean Pacific Ocean Indian Ocean Arctic Ocean Oceans of the World.

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Presentation transcript:

Lecture 2 – Ocean Zones and Basins

Atlantic Ocean Pacific Ocean Indian Ocean Arctic Ocean Oceans of the World

Northern and Southern Hemispheres Southern - 81% Ocean Northern - 61% Ocean Earth – 71% ocean

The World’s Water

Volumes of the Ocean Basins Volume (km 2 x 10 6 )

Single Ocean Concept - Antarctic circulation

Single Ocean Concept - Antarctic circulation

Seas of the World 1 - Mediterranean

Seas of the World 2 - North Sea

Seas of the World 3 - Caribbean

Seas of the World 4 - China

Seas of the World 5 - Sea of Okhotsk

Seas of the World 6 - Bering Sea

Other named seas Arabian Coral Tasman Greenland Norwegian Barents Kara Laptev East Siberian Chukchi Japan Yellow East China Laborador Beaufort Red Arafura Andaman Java CelebesBanda TimorSulu Black Caspian Celtic White Aegean Adriatic Sea of Cortez Phillipine Aral

Topographical Features of Ocean Basins

Epipelagic Mesopelagic Bathypelagic Abyssalpelagic NeriticOceanic Photic(200 m) Disphotic(1000 m) Aphotic (1000 m) Pelagic Benthic Littoral (intertidal) Sublittoral Bathyl Abyssal Hadal

Topographical Features of Ocean Basins continental shelf shelf break continental slope abyssal plain

Topographical Features of Ocean Basins continental shelf shelf break continental slope abyssal plain

Hadal Zone Mariana Trench

Hadal Zone Mariana Trench

Hadal Zone Mariana Trench Xenophyophore (protist)

Abyssal Plain

Other features of the abyssal plain Ridge Rift Seamount Guyot Abyssal hills Tectonic/volcanic Sedimentary Seamount - mountain in the sea, > 100 m high and not based on a continental shelf. Guyot – isolated seamount with a flat top over 200 m below the surface

Submarine rift on land

Depositional Material in the Oceans 1. Terrigenous - Components ClayQuartz

Depositional Material in the Oceans 1. Terrigenous - Methods of Deposition Sediment Transport

Depositional Material in the Oceans 1. Terrigenous - Methods of Deposition Wind Erosion

Depositional Material in the Oceans 1. Terrigenous - Methods of Deposition Volcanic Activity

Depositional Material in the Oceans 1. Terrigenous - Methods of Deposition

Depositional Material in the Oceans 1. Terrigenous - Methods of Deposition

Depositional Material in the Oceans 1. Terrigenous - Methods of Deposition Fans can be extensive

Depositional Material in the Oceans 1. Terrigenous - Methods of Deposition

Depositional Material in the Oceans 2. Biogenous CaCO 3 from Corals and Molluscs Silica (Si) from Diatoms

Depositional Material in the Oceans 3. Hydrogenous - Precipitated directly from seawater 4. Cosmogenous

Continental Slope

Continental Shelf

Intertidal/Littoral Zone

Next time Physical and Chemical Properties of Seawater

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