World War One Note Page 31 Chapter 8 1

Causes of the War 2 -Lots of Instability Nationalism – deep love of one’s country Old Empires – Ottoman Empire is falling apart. Old Style Gov’ts – Monarchs are loosing control of their countries Alliance System – Gangs, watch each other’s backs

- Led to arms race – Militarism – build up of one’s standing army -Triple Alliance (Central Powers) -Germany, A-H, Ottoman Empire, Italy 3 Alliances -Triple Entente (Allies) France, Britain, Russia Later the USA

Balkan Crisis –Nationalism had crated a crisis in the Balkans –A-H expands influence into Bosnia –Serbian nationalist groups begin to work for Bosnia’s independence from Austria-Hungary –“Powder Keg of Europe” ready to blow 4

Serbian Terrorism –Assassination of Archduke Ferdinand –Gavrilo Princip, a Serbian nationalist –“The Black Hand” 5 Spark that lights the Bomb…

6 -War Starts -Assassination of Archduke Ferdinand -Alliance cause chain reaction to Austria-Hungary’s attack on Serbia after the assassination.

7 -War develops into trench warfare after initial German advance failed to defeat France Schlieffen Plan -Germany wants to defeat Russia first if faced with two front war -Allies want to force fighting on two fronts and get help from U.S.

-U.S. declares neutrality in the war -develops sympathy for the Allied cause -Begins to export war materials -Submarine warfare begins -Wilson wins 1916 election on slogan “He kept us out of war!” -isolationist policy US Neutrality

–War reaches stalemate after the Battle of the Marne, 1914 –Both sides dig defensive trenches in France –“Western Front” North-East France –“Eastern Front” Austria and Russia 9 Stalemate

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Trench System –Large battles develop over small pieces of land actually being gained –Infantry charges become suicidal –Machine Guns, Heavy artillery, poison gases, airplanes and dogfights, creation of first tanks 15

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Life in the Trenches –No Man’s Land –Over the Top –Disease –Shell Shock 17

18 -U.S. continues to export war materials -German u-boats sink any ships they find Lusitania sinks, 1915 Sussex Pledge – promise to war ships before sinking them… US Enters the War

War Expands –Beginnings of war brought naval blockade of Germany –British and French begin trade with America –German use of submarines to sink cargo ships –Sinking of the passenger ship “Lusitania” 19

-Wilson wins 1916 election calls for peace

Zimmerman Note –Attempt to get Mexico involved in war vs. US –War to “make the world safe for democracy” 21

World War One End of Note Page 31 Chapter 8 22