Enabling Social and Economic Behaviour based on Reliable Resource Metrics Gabriele Pierantoni, and Keith Rochford. Trinity College Dublin CGW 07 – Krakow Tuesday, October 16 th 2007

Motivation for the work. Economic paradigms are increasingly used in Grid Computing architectures. Economic paradigms are increasingly used in Grid Computing architectures. Economics is based on social behaviour, conventions and characteristics such as trust, arbitration, ownership, control and authority. Economics is based on social behaviour, conventions and characteristics such as trust, arbitration, ownership, control and authority. These first economic-based systems in Grid Computing face difficulties due to the lack of “social structure” in Grids. These first economic-based systems in Grid Computing face difficulties due to the lack of “social structure” in Grids.

Proposed Solution We propose to bring together two different agent-based systems to cope with some of these difficulties. We propose to bring together two different agent-based systems to cope with some of these difficulties. This architecture encompasses: This architecture encompasses: Social Grid Agents (SGA) Social Grid Agents (SGA) Grid4C Grid4C

Social Grid Agents Social Grid Agents are a high level resource brokerage system. Social Grid Agents are a high level resource brokerage system. Social Grid Agents are GT4 Grid Services Social Grid Agents are GT4 Grid Services Social Grid Agents architecture is based on two layers: Social Grid Agents architecture is based on two layers: Social layer: where agents engage in exchange and resource allocation. Social layer: where agents engage in exchange and resource allocation. Production layer: where agents implement the production steps decided by the social agents. Production layer: where agents implement the production steps decided by the social agents.

Grid4C Distributed Control Plane for Grid resources Distributed Control Plane for Grid resources Provides resource properties and management capabilities Provides resource properties and management capabilities Standards-based Web Services interface (WSDM) Standards-based Web Services interface (WSDM) Primary Aim Primary Aim To develop a Command and Control system for Grid Infrastructures To develop a Command and Control system for Grid Infrastructures

Grid4C - Architecture

Agent roles SGA Agent Grid4C Agent LCG2 Social Grid Agents implement A high level brokerage systems based on social paradigms. They assess the value of a resource based on the metrics and social relationships. Grid4C agents provides performance-related metrics from the underlying infrastructure to the social layer.

Usage scenarios Trusted assessment of the value of resources and services Trusted assessment of the value of resources and services Arbitration. Arbitration.

Value and Price The decision of a price is a complex issue in economics. It depends on the pattern of interactions between the different actors and their social relationship. The decision of a price is a complex issue in economics. It depends on the pattern of interactions between the different actors and their social relationship. Pricing mechanisms: Pricing mechanisms: Auctions, Auctions, Posted Price, Posted Price, etc.. etc.. It is important that clients feel they are charged a “fair” price. It is important that clients feel they are charged a “fair” price.

Added Value Service LCG2 PGA Grid4C Agent Resource Consumption Metrics (r) Service Metrics (s) Value of the executed Service. v = f(s, r) SGA Price of the service p = f(v)

Arbitration. Arbitration issues can arise when a job fails. Arbitration issues can arise when a job fails. The client may not be willing to pay for a failed job. The client may not be willing to pay for a failed job. The resource owner may want to be paid in any case for the consumed resources. The resource owner may want to be paid in any case for the consumed resources. An agent trusted by both can act as an arbitrator. An agent trusted by both can act as an arbitrator.

Simple Trust chain. SGA Agent Grid4C Agent LCG2 Client TRUST Arbitrator TRUST Implicit Trust TRUST

The arbitrator Decides prices, Decides prices, Resolves disputes. Resolves disputes.

Conclusion, future work First prototype of this architecture showed a good level of flexibility for the implementation of different social topologies enabling economic- based behaviour in Grid Computing. First prototype of this architecture showed a good level of flexibility for the implementation of different social topologies enabling economic- based behaviour in Grid Computing. Encompass other systems such as APEL and DGAS, Encompass other systems such as APEL and DGAS, Encompass other middlewares such as GT4. Encompass other middlewares such as GT4.