Rybářská mykologie II Houby

Část přednášky převzata od: Mgr. Karel Prášil, CSc. a RNDr. Jiří Neustupa, Ph.D, PřF UK Praha

Mykologie – houby a houbové organismy Archea Monera Houby Eukarya Chromista Microsporidia Oomycota Labyrinthulomycota Hyphochytridiomycota Dyctiostelidy hlenky nádorovky Prvoci

Mykologie – houby a houbové organismy Archea Monera Houby Eukarya Microsporidiomycota Zygomycota Ascomycota Basidiomycota Chytridiomycota Fungi imperfecti Glomeromycota

Chytridiomycota Vodní a půdní saprofyté, vzácně parazité

Blastocladiales - zoospore of Allomyces Chytridiales - eucarpic thallus of Rhizophydium in culture Chytridiomycota

Chytridiales - Chytridium lagenaria: sporangium developing on a pollen grain of Pinus Chytridium releasing zoospores. Chytridium releasing uniflagellate zoospores empty sporangium on pine pollen grain. Chytridiomycota

Chytridiales - wart of potato caused by Synchytrium endobioticum

Chytridiales - sporangia of a eucarpic chytrid on the green alga, Spirogyra Chytridiales - sporangia of a chytrid on Ceratium, a planktonic dinoflagellate Chytridiomycota

Microsporidiomycota

Zygomycota Třída Zygomycetes Řády: Mucorales Entomophtorales Zoopagales Kicxellales Trichomycetes

Zygomycetes. 6 orders, 29 families, 120 genera, almost 800 species Třída Zygomycetes

Zygomycota Mucorales Třída Zygomycetes

Mucor sp. A somewhat rare and opportunistic pathogen which can infect the lungs and other locations. Can be fatal to those with immunodeficiency. Spores will germinate and produce mycelial growth. Zygomycota Mucorales Třída Zygomycetes

Rhizopus sp. An opportunistic pathogen which can infect the lungs and other locations. Spores will germinate and produce mycelial growth. Can be fatal to those with immunodeficiency. Absidia sp. Can invade upper respiratory tract, produce spores and mycelia growth. Possibly fatal to those with immunodeficiency. Zygomycota Mucorales Třída Zygomycetes

Mucorales

Pilobolus crystallinus (Pilobolaceae) is an atypical but fascinating coprophilous (dung-inhabiting) member of the order Mucorales. It grows very rapidly, and is one of the first fungi to fruit in the extended succession that occurs on dung. Its unbranched sporangiophores are 2-4 cm tall, and have a unique explosive dispersal mechanism. Třída Zygomycetes Mucorales

The right-hand picture shows what these developing zygosporangia look like under the dissecting microscope. Entomophthora muscae Třída Zygomycetes Entomophtorales

parasites of fungi, nematodes, amoebae, etc. Piptocephalis is a parasite of Mucorales, and occurs commonly on dung. Syncephalis is another parasite of Mucorales Třída Zygomycetes Zoopagales

Coemansia on bat dung from a cave Spirodactylon Třída Zygomycetes Kickxellales

4 orders, 7 families, 52 genera, about 210 species. Vázány na členovce -komensálové (trávicí soustava) -Parazité (chitin) Třída Trichomycetes

fewer than 200 species have been described) but it is of enormous importance in the biosphere -VAM Třída Glomeromycetes

Ascus = vřecko

Ascomycota