Vocabulary Review Ch 25 - Protists

An organism that is classified as a member of the kingdom Protista; generally, a single- celled or simple multicellular eukaryote that cannot be readily classified as either plant, animal, or fungus Protist

A form of asexual reproduction in single- celled organisms by which one cell divides into two cells of the same size Binary fission

A form of cell division that produces more than two cells Multiple fission

In algae and fungi, an exchange of genetic material that occurs between two temporarily joined cells; in prokaryotes, the process by which two organism bind together and one cell transfers DNA to the other cell through a structure called a sex pilus Conjugation

A retractable, temporary cytoplasmic extension that functions in food ingestion and movement in certain amoeboid cells Pseudopodium

A characteristic movement of protozoa that occurs because of the formation of pseudopodia Amoeboid movement

In some protists and invertebrates, a protective covering that the organism secretes or builds around itself Test

A hair-like structure arranged in tightly packed rows that projects from the surface of some cells Cilium

A protective envelope of nonliving material that covers many protozoans Pellicle

A depressed region around the mouth of some cilate protozoans, such as paramecia Oral groove

In protozoa, an opening into which the oral groove opens Mouth pore

In protozoa, an opening into which the mouth pore opens Gullet

In protozoa, an opening from which wastes are eliminated Anal pore

In protists, an organelle that accumulates water and then releases it periodically to maintain osmotic pressure Contractile vacuole

In many protozoans, the larger of two types of cell nuclei and the one that contains multiple copies of DNA Macronucleus

The smaller, reproductive nucleus found in some protozoans Micronucleus

A long, hair-like structure that grows out of a cell and enables the cell to move Flagellum

Autotrophic eukaryotic organisms that convert the sun’s energy into food through photosynthesis but that do not have roots, stems, or leaves Alga

A cell or an organ that produces gametes Gametangium

The microscopic, photosynthetic organisms that float near the surface of marine or freshwater an that are the basic source of food in many aquatic ecosystems; examples include algae and cyanobacteria Phytoplankton

The body type of an algae, fungus, or plant that is not differentiated into roots, stems, or leaves Thallus

A pigment that absorbs light energy and transfers it to chlorophyll in photosynthesis Accessory pigment

A unicellular alga that has a double shell that contains silica Diatom

The cell wall of a diatom Shell

The production of light by means of a chemical reaction in an organism Bioluminescence

A population explosion of certain marine dinoflagellates that causes the water to turn a red or red-brown color and to contain poisonous alkaloids produced by the dinoflagellates Red tide

A flagellated unicellular algae Euglenoid

A part of a plant, fungus, or protist that produces seeds or spores Fruiting body

A fungus-like protist that is composed of branching filaments of cells Water mold

A type of protist that has ameboid cells, flagellated cells, and a plasmodial feeding stage in its life cycle Plasmodial slime mold

A type of protist that lives as an individual haploid amoeboid cell that gathers with other such cells in a dense structure called a pseudoplasmodium when nutrients become scarce Cellular slime mold

A vast increase in the concentration of algae and cyanobacteria in a body of eutrophic water which causes harmful changes in the water; some species of algae produce toxins that kill other sea life Algal bloom

In prokaryotes and protists, the movement toward or away from a chemical stimulus, such as the movement toward food or away from a toxin Chemotaxis

A polysaccharide derivative of alginic acid that is found in brown algae and that has many industrial uses including thickening agent in foods and a dental impression agent Alginate

A sticky polysaccharide that coats the cell walls of certain species of red algae and that is used in the food industry to control the texture of many food products Carrageenan

A gel-like polysaccharide compound used for culturing microbes; extracted from certain red algae Agar

A soft, fine, porous deposit that is composed mainly of the skeletons of diatoms Diatomaceous earth

An infectious tropical disease caused by a protozoan and transmitted to humans by a mosquito; it produces high fevers, chills, sweating, and anemia Malaria

A sporozoan that has been released from the oocyst and is ready to penetrate a new host cell Sporozoite

The infective stage of the plasmodial life cycle, infects red blood cells of the host organism Merozoite

A cell that is not differentiated and that develops into a gamete Gametocyte

A diarrheal illness caused by the parasitic protozoan Giardia lamblia and characterized by intestinal cramping and diarrhea Giardiasis

A diarrheal disease caused by the protist Cryptosporidium parvum, which is spread by contact with fecally contaminated water Cryptosporidiosis

A common sexually transmitted infection that is caused by the mastigophoran Trichomonas vaginalis; symptoms include discolored discharge, genital itching, and an urge to urinate Trichomoniasis