The “Water” Planet…….. -97% is salt water. -Apx. 3 % is fresh water. -However, Apx. 2/3 of this fresh water is frozen. -Leaving Apx. 1% of all fresh water as usable.
Hydrosphere – accounts for ALL of the Earth’s water (all states of matter). Water Cycle – movement of water through out the hydrosphere.
The Water Cycle
Water hitting the ground… Ground Water (seepage)- movement of water through porous rock and soil… Run off – water that does NOT soak in, but runs across the surface… –Lets first look at ground water…..
The water Budget Describes the income and spending of water for a region. Recharge – the soil water storage is filling Surplus – the rainfall (supply) is greater than the need. Usage – drawing down (using) the water you have. Deficit – usage (need) is greater than supply.
Water budget Graphs They show two things 1. Moisture needed 2. Moisture supply
(need) (need) (supply) (supply)
How can rocks hold water? Porosity – the amount of pore space between the grains (percent that is pore space). Permeability – is the rate at which water can pass through the material (this increases with grain size). Aquifer – Rock layer that holds water.
Can all rocks hold water? NOOOO !!!! –Some are impermeable,,,,, Impermeable – where water is not allowed to pass through the material (aquiclude).
Impermeable vs permeable
Forming the Water Table Area can hold more water Area can hold more water Top of the zone of saturation Top of the zone of saturation All of the pore spaces All of the pore spaces are filled are filled
Features cont…… Artesian Well – An inclined aquifer An inclined aquifer trapped between 2 trapped between 2 non permeable non permeable layers. layers.
Groundwater Features….. Hot Springs – warm water that comes from the depths of the Earth and pools on the surface.. Geysers – boiling hot springs that often erupt due to constrictions in their conduit (plumbing). –Water –Steam Fumaroles – fissures in the ground where hot steam and gases are released.
Hot Springs…
Geysers
Fumaroles