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water Surface Water Surface Water Watershed Misc 10 10 10 10 10 20 20 20 20 20 30 30 30 30 30 40 40 40 40 40 50 50 50 50 50

Topic 1 – 10 Points QUESTION: ANSWER: Which of the following is NOT a result of excessive ground water withdrawal? a. groundwater recharge b. drying up of wetlands. c. land subsidence. d. saltwater intrusion. e. falling water tables ANSWER: (a. groundwater recharge)

Topic 1 – 20 Points QUESTION: Separates the saturated zone from the unsaturated zone ANSWER: (water table)

Topic 1 – 30 Points QUESTION: In this layer, the pore spaces are partially filled with water and partially filled with air ANSWER: (unsaturated zone)

Topic 1 – 40 Points QUESTION: The property of soil or fractured rock that allow water to move through the material ANSWER: (permeability)

Topic 1 – 50 Points QUESTION: Which of the following would be the most likely make up a confining layer in an aquifer A. sandstone B. gravel C. granite D. topsoil ANSWER: granite

Topic 2 – 10 Points QUESTION: The amount of pore space in rock ANSWER: Porosity

Topic 2 – 20 Points QUESTION: The lowering of the water table around a well ANSWER: (cone of depression)

Topic 2 – 30 Points QUESTION: What is the difference between the saturated and the unsaturated zones of ground water? ANSWER: (In the saturated zone the pore space is completely filled with water. In the unsaturated zone , the pore space contains a combination of air and water)

Topic 2 – 40 Points QUESTION: Areas where groundwater reaches the surface (lakes, streams, swamps, & springs) are called __________ areas, because the water is being released from the saturated zone. ANSWER: Discharge Areas

Topic 2 – 50 Points QUESTION: Label A and B in the following diagram. Both are types of aquifers. ANSWER: A – Unconfined aquifer B – Confined aquifer A B

Topic 3 – 10 Points QUESTION: The total amount that the water level drops when a well is pumped is called the __________. ANSWER: drawdown

Topic 3 – 20 Points QUESTION: ANSWER: How would an increase in storm runoff to rivers most likely affect groundwater? A) reduce the amount of infiltration and groundwater recharge. B) increase the amount of infiltration and groundwater recharge. C) increase in the salinity of groundwater from road salt ANSWER: A reducing the amount of infiltration and groundwater recharge.

Topic 3 – 30 Points QUESTION: ANSWER: Which of the following is NOT true about groundwater flow: (A) Hydraulic gradient typically follows topography. (B) Gravity causes water to seep through surface soils. (C) Water moves faster in soils with high porosity and low permeability ANSWER: (Water moves faster in soils with high porosity and low permeability

Topic 3 – 40 Points QUESTION: ANSWER: (E – increased rainfall) Which of the following would not contribute to a falling water table? A) excessive withdrawal of groundwater. B) increasing runoff. C) decreasing infiltration. D) drought conditions. E) increased rainfall ANSWER: (E – increased rainfall)

Topic 3 – 50 Points QUESTION: List 4 effects of over-pumping. POSSIBLE ESSAY) ANSWER: (1) wells can "go dry." (2) land subsidence. (3) salt water intrusion (4) change in the groundwater flow direction (5) pumping may pull contaminants into the well

Topic 4 – 10 Points QUESTION: Which type of rock is most likely to be associated with subsidence and sinkholes ANSWER: (limestone)

Topic 4 – 20 Points QUESTION: Explain how a complex mix of pollutants would behave in an aquifer if it is less dense than water. ANSWER: (The contaminants would float on top of the water table and may form more than one plume depending on how each pollutant in the mix behaves in groundwater.

Topic 4 – 30 Points QUESTION: A geological formation that contains sufficient saturated permeable material to yield water to well ANSWER: Aquifer

Topic 4 – 40 Points QUESTION: ANSWER: List 3 ways that groundwater may be treated if it is contaminated ANSWER: 1. Microorganisms may be added to breakdown the waste or nutrients added to boost existing microorganisms in soil. Groundwater can be pumped to surface, treated and discharged backed to aquifer For light (volatile) contaminants, they may be removed as a vapor. Soil may be left to natural processes that may breakdown or absorb pollutants over time

Topic 4 – 50 Points QUESTION: What is salt water intrusion and what cause it ANSWER: Overpumping can cause saltwater to migrate inland and upward, resulting in saltwater contamination of the water supply.

Topic 5 – 10 Points QUESTION: Springs that throw up jets of hot water and steam at regular intervals through a vent in the surface. ANSWER Geysers

Topic 5 – 20 Points QUESTION: This occurs when rock dissolves forming spaces and caverns underground. If there is not enough support for the land above, then a sudden collapse of the land surface can occur. ANSWER: Sinkhole

Topic 5 – 30 Points QUESTION: ANSWER: Which of the following statements about groundwater is true? A. The steeper the water-table slope, the slower the groundwater will flow. B. Groundwater moves from areas where the water table is low to areas where the water table is high. C. The higher the permeability of an aquifer, the slower the groundwater will flow. D. Gravity largely drives the flow of groundwater. ANSWER: (D Gravity largely drive the flow of groundwater (

Topic 5 – 40 Points QUESTION: ANSWER: If the amount of discharge in an aquifer exceeds the amount of recharge, the groundwater table ______. A. will rise B. will drop C. will remain the same D. may rise or drop depending on the porosity ANSWER: Will drop

Topic 5 – 50 Points QUESTION: What is the relationship between groundwater and surface water. ESSAY ANSWER: If groundwater levels are above water levels in adjacent streams, the groundwater will discharge water to the stream. When groundwater levels are lower, however, water will leave the stream to recharge the groundwater. When groundwater is near the surface it creates wetlands and other similar habitat. Many rivers, lakes, and wetlands rely heavily on groundwater discharge as a source of water. During times of low precipitation, these bodies of water would not contain any water at all if it were not for groundwater discharge. Infiltration and percolation also connect surface water and groundwater

Topic 5 – 50 Points QUESTION: What is a pollutant plume in an aquifer a.) Contamination that travels from the pollutant source in the direction of flow. b) Contamination that travels through an aquifer at a higher speed than the water flows. c) Water that travels down the flow gradient through a polluted region. d) None of the above ANSWER: Contamination that moves from a source in direction of groundwater flow