Why Use Ozone  To improve water quality (disinfection)  To improve swimmer comfort  To reduce maintenance costs  To reduce chemical costs  To improve water clarity

How Ozone is Generated Oxygen (O 2 ) Ultraviolet Light or Corona Discharge Some O 2 molecules break apart And reassemble with other O 2 molecules to form ozone + O2O2 O2O2 + O1O1 O1O1 = = O3O3 O3O3 Ozone (O3)

UV ozone generators (185 nm wavelength):.01% to.10% ozone concentration by weight (.10% concentration = 10 PPM). Corona Discharge ozone generators:.5% to 6% ozone concentration by weight (6% concentration = 60,000 PPM). What concentration means to ozone effectiveness Minimum 10 times greater concentration of ozone in the output gas from CD ozone generators. At the same percentage of mass transfer efficiency, a CD ozone generator will deliver more ozone to the water than UV (ozone concentration directly affects its ability to become soluble in water). UV vs. CD Ozone Generation Methods

FEED GAS QUALITY – O 2 CONCENTRATION (More 0 2 In = More 0 3 Out) – MOISTURE CONTENT (More Moisture = Less 0 3 )

Ozone Solubility The concentration of ozone gas is determined at a standard temperature of 20 degrees C (68˚ F) and a standard pressure of 1 atmosphere.

 Factors affecting the transfer of a gas into a liquid (importance of the venturi) –Pressure - as pressure increases, more gas is forced into the liquid –Temperature of the water/gas mixture - at lower temperatures, ozone gas is more easily absorbed. At higher temperatures, water tries to release the gas rather than absorb it –Bubble size - as bubble size is reduced, the total bubble surface area increases, increasing the area for interaction between ozone and water –Concentration of ozone, in percent by weight –Quantity of ozone, in grams per hour Mass Transfer Basics

Oxidation Potential of Ozone

Ozone Chemistry Use with other oxidizers  Ozone & Bromine –Bromine regeneration design –Ozone as the primary oxidizer and secondary regeneration system  Ozone & Chlorine –Ozone sidestream without stripping –Full flow and strip (greater than 25%)  Ozone, Chlorine & Sodium Bromide –Design exclusive to ClearWater Tech

Bromine / Ozone Pros and Cons  PROS –excellent synergy between ozone and bromine –very little pH adjustment required –easy to handle –very little contact time needed (30 to 120 seconds in small to no contact tanks) –good algicide –odor not as pungent as chlorine  CONS –cannot be stabilized –can be more expensive to operate –a relatively weak oxidizer cloudy water swimmer itch low ORP levels

When to use Ozone/Chlorine In medium and high bather load situations For outdoor pools In older pool designs with slow filtration rates

Chlorine / Ozone Pros and Cons  Chlorine Pros –strong oxidizer –can be stabilized –less expensive than bromine  Chlorine Cons –no synergy with ozone –requires constant pH control –more difficult (dangerous) to handle

Sizing Basics   Criteria – Total gallonage – Circulation rate – Bather load – Location - indoor or outdoor – Filtration system – Surrounding area – Desired chemical reduction

Additional Suggestions Regular shock program Regular filter backwash program Other maintenance (brush, vacuum, etc.) on a regular basis.

APEX Series I Commercial spas to 800 gallons, swim spas to 5,000 gallons or residential pools up to12,000 gallons. 1 gram per 60 SCFH on ambient air 120V/60Hz, 1.6 amps Air Cooled Venturi Injector Manifold

APEX Series II Commercial spas to 3,000 gallons or residential pools up to 20,000 gallons grams per 5 SCFH on dry air V/50/60Hz, amp Air Cooled, Built-in air dryer, External interlock circuit Venturi Injector Manifold Vacuum Break Ozone Activation Interlock CD10/AD

APEX Series III Commercial spas to 5,000 gallons or residential pools up to 40,000 gallons 2.8 grams per 5 SCFH on dry air 120V/60 Hz, 2.6 amps Air Cooled, Built-in air dryer, External interlock circuit Venturi Injector Manifold Vacuum Break Ozone Activation Interlock M-15/AD

APEX Series IV Residential and semi-commercial pools up to 65,000 gallons. 4.5 grams per 5 SCFH on dry air 120V/60 Hz, 2.6 amps Air Cooled, Built-in air dryer, External interlock circuit Venturi Injector Manifold Vacuum Break Ozone Activation Interlock CD15/AD

APEX Series V 5.6 grams per 10 SCFH on dry air 240V/60 Hz, 2 amps Air Cooled, External interlock circuit Venturi Injector Manifold Ozone Activation Interlock Separate Air-Dryer P2000

Cal Poly has been using ozone (200 grams) for over 6 years

Only high quality, industrial-strength, ozone-resistant materials are used Proprietary designs using modular construction for efficient operation and easy maintenance Solid-state control circuitry means systems operate reliably Electrically efficient - low electrical cost per gram of ozone output Simple but effective air cooled designs are easy to install and require minimum maintenance ClearWater Tech Products

Municipal Water Zoos Commercial Aquarium Waste Water Agriculture Food Processing Commercial Pools Cooling Tower Bottled Water Ponds Odor Control Residential Pools Spas ClearWater Tech Products Water Cooled CD, Med Hz 1% to 8% concentration Air Cooled CD High Hz 1% to 6% UV ozone 185 nm.001% to.1% Ozone Output g/h