CONSULTATION MEETING ON SUSTAINABLE SANITATION 9 th September 2009 GKVK Campus, Bengaluru J.Geetha, Executive Director, Gramalaya

What is sustainable sanitation?  Sustainable sanitation means technically viable, socially acceptable and economically affordable.  Sustained hygiene behaviours with long lasting impact on the lives of the people.  Community-led, people-centered, self-sufficiency in implementation

Listening – a report by WSSCC  The main barrier to safe water and sanitation is not the lack of resources, but our willingness to learn from past failures and to listen to learn new approaches.  Looking for innovative approaches to reverse the negative trend of non-achieving  Taking lessons from small scale micro-level projects  Scaling-up from the lessons learned

What is needed?  Access to information  Access to technology  Access to resources

Sustainable sanitation  Challenges in scaling up sustainable sanitation include know how, capacity, attitudes, demand, credit, financing, policies, etc.  National and local Governance should accommodate frameworks for Sustainable Sanitation.  It also needs capacity development

A comprehensive approach towards sustainability  Combining hardware with Software Sanitation combined with hygiene education  Software activities include : Information, Education and Communication – IEC Training and capacity building of CBOs  Hardware activities include : Construction of household latrines, school latrines, community latrines, providing safe drinking water

Toilet technology park

Toilet options field tested by Gramalaya  UNDP – Twin-pit – pour- flush toilet  Single Leach pit toilet  Toilet attached with bathroom with leach-pit  Direct flush-out toilet  Dry toilet  Eco-san toilet

Best toilet options as experienced by Gramalaya  Toilet attached bathroom with leach-pit Giving privacy for women and girls during menstrual period, water facilities for hand washing, clothe washing and for bathing.  Eco-san for difficult areas like Water logging, coastal regions, rocky terrains. Good response in the above areas by the people as it is environment friendly, people realized that frequent cleaning of septic tanks, foul smell, polluting water sources, cannot go for leach-pit low-cost models.  Direct flush out toilet with gooseneck model Where there is space constraint and people unable to invest more money for toilet construction

Accessible, affordable and acceptable toilets  Different toilet options are provided ranging from zero budget (home made latrines) to Rs.9000/- compost toilets.  Good response for Toilet with bathroom facilities  Toilets with temporary superstructures to reduce the construction cost  For toilets with permanent superstructures using bricks, cement hollow blocks, loan facilities are arranged either through banks or revolving fund through women self- help groups

ECOSAN toilet with bathroom

Toilet attached bathroom

Successfully demonstrated models and scaling up  There are no enough charity organizations to fund toilet construction.  Low-cost, technically viable, acceptable models  Financing by public private partnership – Own funds, commercial banks linkages, SHG savings and MFIs  WaterCredit Initiatives by Gramalaya

WaterCredit  WaterCredit means providing small loans to individuals to promote water and sanitation facilities in their households.  WaterCredit empowers people to immediately address their WATSAN needs. As loans are repaid, they can be redeployed to additional people in need of safe water and sanitation.  Gramalaya field-tested the concept and provided Rs.45,00,000/- to urban poor and the recovery was 100%.  So far Rs. 4,59,45,000/- Provided for water and toilets to 7243 beneficiaries in Tiruchirapalli District through Guardian MFI.

Fund mobilization for toilet construction Sl.no. Fund Mobilization for toilet construction Total no. of toilets constructed Total Amount mobilized for toilet construction No.of toiletsAmountNo.of ToiletsAmountNo.of ToiletsAmountNo. of toiletsAmount 1Banks167150,13, ,12, ,69,21, ,20,25, SHG Internal Savings ,36, ,92, ,55,13, ,43,02, Govt.Subsidy12437,45, ,07, ,93, ,56,40, Own Contribution 772,31, ,96, ,33, ,05,63, MFI Linkage ,20, ,53, ,27,73, PRIs0 3766,39, ,94, ,29, Total :47201,02,25, ,3421,16,47, , ,26,94,017.00

Experience with TSC  TSC guidelines with excellent strategies  Demand driven, people-centered, community-led principles, RSM to support, Social marketing concept, NGP award.  Allocation of fund very limited as subsidy only for BPL categories which will provide 30% of the population in a village - i.e. in a village of 100 families, only 30 families will get subsidy. No solution for remaining families.  Delayed release of subsidy amount by LGI  Not monitored properly at grass-root-level  In many places, no NGOs or CBOs are involved in TSC.  No systematic IEC strategies  Contractors involvement result in incomplete toilets, without quality and usage. Abandoned and damaged, deserted toilets

School sanitary blocks  School sanitary blocks to be constructed within the school campus  Separate toilet and urine facilities for boys, girls and school teachers  Appropriate technology  Child friendly, girl friendly toilets with water and incinerator facilities according to the strength of the school  Toilets should be maintained by the school children through School Health Committee

Collaboration needed for Sustainable Sanitation Local based, committed and experienced NGOs Enthusiastic and trained with close monitoring LGIs Strong CBOs with financial support by bankers or financial institutions

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