Cog. Prob. #3 Move only one glass to have them arranged so that full and empty glasses alternate.

Unnecessary Constraints Move only one glass to have them arranged so that full and empty glasses alternate.

Memorize this…  You will be given 30 seconds to memorize each list of words…  After the 30 seconds you will be asked to write down as many words as you remember

alligator - apple - arrow - baby - bird - book - butterfly - car - corn - flower - hammer - house - money - microscope - ocean - pencil - rock - shoes - table - window

anger - belief - boredom - chance - concept - effort - fate - freedom - glory - happiness - honor - hope - idea - interest - knowledge - mercy - mood - moral - theory - truth

ator - botam - crov - difim - firap - glimoc - ricul- hilnim - jolib - kepwin - leptav - lumal - mib - natpem - peyrim - rispaw - stiwin - tubiv - vopec - yapib

Why was the first list easier?  The ability to remember a word depends on how meaningful the word is to a person.  Additionally, the "concreteness" of a word is important for memory.  Concreteness refers the ability of a word to form a mental image.  A word with high concreteness is easy to "see"; a word with low concreteness (an "abstract" word) is difficult to visualize.

THREE is the KEY for MEMORY

MEMORY The power or process of reproducing or recalling what has been learned and retained

Memory Sensor y Short Term Long Term

Transferring information so the nervous system can process it Visual Code Acoustic Code Semantic Code

Process by which information is remembered over a period of time. A few seconds ? Depends on effort during encoding…

Process of obtaining information that has been stored in memory How well it is retrieved depends on how effectively it was encoded and stored!

3 Types of Memory 1.Sensory Memory 2.Short Term Memory 3.Long Term Memory

Sensory Memory  Very brief (1-2 seconds) memory storage immediately following initial stimulation of a receptor.  Two Types:  Iconic Memory – visual sensory information  Echoic Memory – auditory sensory information

Sensory Memory  Prevents us from being overwhelmed…  Anything you do not pay attention to vanishes in seconds  Gives us some decision time  Allows you to decide whether it is worth paying attention to.  If you choose to pay attention, the info is automatically transferred to short-term memory.

Short Term Memory  The capacity for holding a small amount of information in mind in an active, readily available state for a short period of time  Capacity?  Limited to about seven unrelated items. (+/- 2)

M EMORY A CTIVITY You are about to do a short term memory test. A few letters will flash on the screen for 4 seconds. Your job is to write down as many letters as you can remember AFTER they disappear.

Memory Activity Get Ready for Trial 1

Memory Activity Trial 1 UM

Memory Activity Write down all the letters you remember for Trial 1

Memory Activity Get Ready for Trial 2

Memory Activity Trial 2 TZLD

Memory Activity Write down all the letters you remember for Trial 2

Memory Activity Get Ready for Trial 3

Memory Activity Trial 3 KXCEJO

Memory Activity Write down all the letters you remember for Trial 3

Memory Activity Get Ready for Trial 4

Memory Activity Trial 4 AVCYISEH

Memory Activity Write down all the letters you remember for Trial 4

Memory Activity Get Ready for Trial 5

Memory Activity Trial 5 LBFQRPMAUX

Memory Activity Write down all the letters you remember for Trial 5

Memory Activity Get Ready for Trial 6

Memory Activity Trial 6 ZQECTBUMONRV

Memory Activity Write down all the letters you remember for Trial 6

M EMORY A CTIVITY

Strategy? What (if anything) did you do to help yourself remember the letters?

STM…  Maintenance Rehearsal: a system for remembering that involves repeating information to oneself without attempting to find meaning in it.  Chunking: the process of grouping items to make them easier to remember

Experiment: 1.Number your papers from one to twenty. 2.You will see a list of terms - try to remember them in order.

Going Shopping!!! Memorize the list of items below starting now Milk Cheese Butter Eggs Flour Apples Grapes Shampoo Bread Ground Beef Cereal Ketchup Green Beans Jam Pickles Bologna Oranges Coffee Hash Browns Yogurt

Primacy/Recency Effect  The middle items on a list typically are harder to remember because your attention is split between trying to remember previous items and trying to rehearse new ones. WORKING MEMORY: Working with current information  STM is also referred to as this  LTM can also fit here – info stored being recalled for current purposes

Long Term Memory  The storage of and UNLIMITED AMOUNT of information over extended periods of time…(forever?)  LTM involves all the previous processes

Types of LTM  Procedural: Permanent storage of learned skills that does not require conscious recollection  Declarative: stored knowledge that can be called forth consciously as needed  Episodic: Chronological retention of the events of one’s life  Everyone’s is unique  Semantic: Knowledge of language, including its rules, words and meaning  Shared with other speakers of language

1. First kiss 10. Using a computer 2. Riding a bike 11. Spell C-A-T 3. First day in high school 12. Playing the piano 4. List the 50 states 13. Describe a fight to someone 5. Define “memory” 6. Tying a shoe 7. Writing notes off an overhead 8. Formula for classical conditioning 9. Witnessing a car accident