Describe the differences and relation between the lithosphere and asthenosphere.

Name the three types of plate boundaries and the general characteristic of plate movement along each plate boundary.

What is the magnetic field and how is it formed?

Plate Boundaries ConvergentDivergentTransform

Plate Tectonics Explains the configuration of topographic features of the Earth- mountains, valleys, volcanoes, islands, oceanic trenches, faults Explains the configuration of topographic features of the Earth- mountains, valleys, volcanoes, islands, oceanic trenches, faults

Tectonic plates Are composed of the lithosphere Are composed of the lithosphere Move as a coherent mass Move as a coherent mass May contain oceanic crust and continental crust May contain oceanic crust and continental crust

Direction of Movement Perpendicular to mid-oceanic ridges Perpendicular to mid-oceanic ridges

Plate Boundaries Concentration of stored energy and ultimately release of energy Concentration of stored energy and ultimately release of energy Production of hazards Production of hazards

Tectonic Map: locate plate boundaries by symbol

Convergent Plate Boundary Magmatic arc Magmatic arc Oceanic crust subducts under continental crust Oceanic crust subducts under continental crust Melting occurs at about 100 miles Melting occurs at about 100 miles Hot more buoyant material rises Hot more buoyant material rises

Volcanic Arc Oceanic and continental crust Oceanic and continental crust Cascade Range; Andes; Alaska Cascade Range; Andes; Alaska Characteristics: large volcanoes; subduction zone, trench, oceanic crust subducts under continental crust Characteristics: large volcanoes; subduction zone, trench, oceanic crust subducts under continental crust

Convergent Plate Boundary Map and cross- section views of the subduction zone Map and cross- section views of the subduction zone The oceanic Juan de Fuca plate subducts under the continental North American Plate The oceanic Juan de Fuca plate subducts under the continental North American Plate

Convergent Plate Boundary Two oceanic crusts Two oceanic crusts Oceanic crust subducts under opposing oceanic crust Oceanic crust subducts under opposing oceanic crust Oldest oceanic crust subducts Oldest oceanic crust subducts

Island Arc Japan, Indonesia, Philippines, Caribbean, Aleutian Islands Japan, Indonesia, Philippines, Caribbean, Aleutian Islands

Convergent Plate Boundary Earthquakes trace the subducting slab to about 500 miles or 650 kilometers Earthquakes trace the subducting slab to about 500 miles or 650 kilometers Gold dots represent earthquake hypocenters

Convergent Plate Boundaries Two continental crusts Two continental crusts Neither subduct due to buoyancy of crusts Neither subduct due to buoyancy of crusts Mountains form Mountains form

India collided with Asia about 40 million years ago India collided with Asia about 40 million years ago India Mt. Everest, 29,000 feet Mt. Everest, 29,000 feet

Divergent Plate Boundary Two plates move apart Two plates move apart Run through ocean basins Run through ocean basins

Divergent Plate Boundaries Mid-oceanic ridges, transform faults and rift valleys, and the formation of the ocean floor are characteristics associated with divergent plate boundaries.

Transform Plate Boundary

TransformTransform Plate Boundary Transform The tectonic plate pass by each other The tectonic plate pass by each other Connect other plate boundaries Connect other plate boundaries San Andreas Fault San Andreas Fault

Extension-“Pre-divergent Boundary” Continental crust begins to stretch due to tensional stress.

Basin and Range Continental crust begins to stretch due to convection within the asthenosphere Continental crust begins to stretch due to convection within the asthenosphere A series of mountains and valleys develop A series of mountains and valleys develop Long Valley Caldera is located on the western most portion. Long Valley Caldera is located on the western most portion.

East Africa Rift Zone An area of extension An area of extension Continental crust is beginning to pull-apart forming a rift valley Continental crust is beginning to pull-apart forming a rift valley

HotHot Spots Hot Stationary plumes of hot material that initiate at the core/mantle interface Stationary plumes of hot material that initiate at the core/mantle interface Hawaii: the plume is beneath oceanic crust Hawaii: the plume is beneath oceanic crust

Hot Spots

Yellowstone is associated with a hot spot under continental crust Yellowstone is associated with a hot spot under continental crust

Plate Tectonics The theory of plate tectonics is based on the evaluation of scientific evidence and observation- The Scientific Method The theory of plate tectonics is based on the evaluation of scientific evidence and observation- The Scientific Method Continental Drift hypothesis Continental Drift hypothesis Continental Seafloor Spreading hypothesis Seafloor Spreading hypothesis

. Sketch a cross section of a divergent plate boundary. Label with the following terms: Label with the following terms: rift valley; rift valley; oceanic ridge; oceanic ridge; oceanic crust; oceanic crust; location of melting and volcanism; location of melting and volcanism; and arrows indicating direction of plate movement and arrows indicating direction of plate movement

Sketch a cross-section of a convergent plate boundary that contains an oceanic crust. Label with the following terms: Label with the following terms: Subduction zone Subduction zone Trench Trench Area of melting Area of melting Area of volcanism Area of volcanism Arrows indicating direction of plate movement Arrows indicating direction of plate movement

Name the landform associated with oceanic crust subducting under continental crust. Oceanic crust?