MOVEMENT OF THE EARTH’S CRUST

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Presentation transcript:

MOVEMENT OF THE EARTH’S CRUST

Earth’s crust can be deformed through: Faulting Folding Uplifting

How does the crust change it’s shape over time? As rocks undergo stress (push-pull force) they slowly change SHAPE and VOLUME Stress causes breaking, tilting and folding ►DEFORMATION

3 Types of Deformation Compression - squeezes rocks together causing crustal rocks to be pushed higher and deeper. Tension – pulls rocks apart causing crustal rocks to be thinner in the middle than at the ends. Shearing – pushes rocks horizontally in two directions.

FAULTS - a break or crack along which rocks move Hanging Wall – block of rocks above the fault. Foot Wall – block of rocks below the fault.

Types of Faults Normal Fault : tension causes the hanging wall to move down relative to the foot wall. Reverse Fault : compression causes the hanging wall to move up relative to the foot wall. Strike – Slip Fault : shearing causes the blocks of rock to move horizontally past one another.

Types Normal Fault Reverse Fault Strike-slip Fault

Many Normal Faults in one area may create mountains & valleys. Fault Block Mountains Many Normal Faults in one area may create mountains & valleys. Mountains formed by blocks of rock uplifted are called fault-block mountains. Ex : Grand Tetons, WY

Fold – a bend in a rock Sometimes when stress is applied to crustal rocks, they bend but do not break Anticline – upward fold Syncline – downward fold

Normal Faults

Reverse Fault

Strike-Slip Faults

Folds & Faults