Earth in the Universe Topic 3 Remember to wait for the vocabulary word to pop up at the end! Can you guess it before it comes up? Created by P. Bordas MS, CCC-SLP

Origin and Age of the Universe

Any object outside or above Earth’s atmosphere Celestial Object Any object outside or above Earth’s atmosphere http://news.globaltv.com/1976920.bin?size=sw620nws

Universe Everything that exists in any place – all the space, matter, and energy in existence http://www.sydneyobservatory.com.au/blog/wp-content/uploads/2007/06/milky-way-map_atlas-of-the-universe.jpg

Big Bang Theory States that all matter and energy started out concentrated in a small area and, after a gigantic explosion, matter began to organize into subatomic particles and atoms. ? http://en.beta.rian.ru/images/15660/40/156604039.jpg

The shifting of wavelengths Doppler Effect The shifting of wavelengths http://dragonphysics.pbworks.com/f/1234547786/gene%20waves_doppler.gif

Blue Shift This results when the Earth and another celestial object are coming closer together and the electromagnetic waves are bunched together http://images2.cafepress.com/product/331573172v2_225x225_Front.jpg

Red Shift This results when the Earth and another celestial object are moving apart and the electromagnetic waves are spread out http://images3.cafepress.com/product/331573403v2_225x225_Front.jpg

Structure of the Universe

Galaxy A collection of billions of stars and various amounts of gas and dust held together by gravity http://www.propermotion.com/jwreed/Photography/Andromeda%20Galaxy.jpg

Our solar system is a part of this spiral-shaped galaxy Milky Way Galaxy Our solar system is a part of this spiral-shaped galaxy http://www.sciencenewsforkids.org/articles/20050202/a667_6174.jpg

Star Usually a large ball of gas held together by gravity that produces tremendous amounts of energy and shines http://images.astronet.ru/pubd/2006/06/20/0001214544/leoregulus_croman.jpg

Nuclear Fusion Combining of the nuclei of smaller elements to form the nuclei of larger elements with some of the mass being converted into energy http://www.lancs.ac.uk/ug/hussainw/fusion.jpg

Luminosity Measures how bright a star would be in relation to the sun if all stars were the same distance from an observer http://www.daviddarling.info/images/luminosity_class.jpg

Solar System

Solar System The sun and all objects that orbit the sun under its gravitational influence http://horoscopicastrologyblog.com/wp-content/uploads/2008/11/solar-system.jpg

A solid rocky and/or metallic body that independently orbits the sun Asteroid A solid rocky and/or metallic body that independently orbits the sun http://www.spacedaily.com/images/asteroid-617-patroclus-binary-jupiter-orbit-desk-1024.jpg

Body that orbits a planet or asteroid as those objects orbit the sun Moon Body that orbits a planet or asteroid as those objects orbit the sun http://scienceblogs.com/startswithabang/upload/2009/08/paper_folding_to_the_moon/moon_2_bg_0722021.jpg

Comet Mainly composed of solids that easily change to gases when heated Largely ices of substances such as water and methane mixed with rocky or metallic solids http://www.astro.cornell.edu/academics/courses/astro2201/images/comet_west.gif

Very small solid fragments that orbit the sun Meteor Very small solid fragments that orbit the sun http://msnbcmedia1.msn.com/j/msnbc/Components/Photos/041112/041112_leonid_meteor_vmed.widec.jpg

Impact crater A depression in the Earth’s crust created by a meteorite that has sufficient mass http://www.lpi.usra.edu/science/kiefer/Education/SSRG2-Craters/meteor_crater.gif

Impact Event Even after Earth and other planets formed, their gravitational forces pulled on the smaller clumps of matter to cause comets, asteroids and meteoroids to collide with planets in what is called….

Planet Characteristics

Terrestrial Planets Close to the sun and mostly solid Relatively small diameters and high densities Rocky surfaces are dotted with impact craters Have few or no moons and have no rings Planets similar to Earth including: Mercury, Venus, Earth and Mars http://www.eso.org/public/outreach/eduoff/vt-2004/Background/Infol2/vt2004-if8-fig3.jpg

Jovian Planets Far from the sun Relatively large diameters and low density No solid surfaces and no craters Have many moons and rings Are planets similar to Jupiter including: Jupiter, Saturn, Uranus and Neptune http://startswithabang.com/wp-content/uploads/2008/10/outer_planets_small_2.jpg

Rotation Planets spin with this motion on an imaginary axis, amount of time it takes for a planet to spin one time around its imaginary axis determines the length of its day http://www.physicalgeography.net/fundamentals/images/earth_rotation.jpg

A planet’s movement around the sun in a path called an orbit Revolution A planet’s movement around the sun in a path called an orbit https://hhe.wikispaces.com/file/view/Picture_44.png/63661306/Picture_44.png

Oval shaped orbit made by the Earth Ellipse Oval shaped orbit made by the Earth http://www.astronomyforbeginners.com/images/diagrams/ellipse_orbit.gif

Fixed points within the ellipse Foci, Focus Fixed points within the ellipse http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/c/c9/Kepler1.gif

Eccentricity The degree of flattening or “ovalness” of an ellipse is measured by this http://cxc.harvard.edu/csc/why/imgs/JD_err_ellipses.jpg

Inertia The concept that an object at rest will tend to remain at rest, and that an object in motion will maintain the direction and speed of that motion unless an opposing force affects it http://www.asc-csa.gc.ca/images/spacesuit_inertia.jpg

Attractive forces that exist between any two objects in the universe Gravitation Attractive forces that exist between any two objects in the universe http://psychogeeks.com/wp-content/uploads/2007/04/gravity.gif