Cultural Resource Management Law Three Case Studies Broadlawns Medical Center Cell Tower, 2001 Carlisle, Iowa Cell Tower, 2001 James J. Hill House, 2003

Purposes: To examine several of cases where CRM laws, especially Section 106, have applied To consider differing outcomes, dependent on conditions of each case

Carlisle, Iowa Cell Tower 2001

Carlisle, Iowa Cell Tower

Parmelee Lumber and Flour Mill 1843 An Early Iowa Industrial Center

Carlisle Brick and Tile, s

Carlisle Brick and Tile Works, 1950s

Overview of Carlisle Project Area Pre-construction

Getting Started: Phase 1

Using Heavy Equipment for Subsurface Testing

Results? A buried brick floor at the tower center-point

A Very Heavy-duty Auger

Auger at Work

The Cage

Ground Loop

Done!

Broadlawns Medical Center

Two Woodland Tradition Burial Mounds Damaged

Taking Down the Tower

The crane alone cost about $120,000!

What’s left to get rid of? Plenty!

Unfortunately, only one of the mounds

The Hospital, State Archaeologist, Iowa Indian Advisory Board, and the Cell Phone Company agree on what to do… …rebuild the mounds and restore the area. Howard Matalba Maria Pearson, Shirley Schermer, Steve Dasovich

The Process Selecting Clean Fill Strip off the ground cover

Cleaning up the site

Jackhammer away the top 3’ of the support

Figuring out the height of the mound

Bringing in Fill

Moundbuilding, 2001

Seeding and installing natural ground cover

Watching the grass grow

The Cost? About $1,500,000 $85,000 for landscaping $200,000 for ground work $120,000 for the crane $1,195,000 for two new towers

Digging on the Hillside Archaeology at the James J. Hill House, 2003 Archaeology Prepared by Larry J. Zimmerman

Image, Power, and (Crumbling) Architecture  Image & power  Gardens & glory  As the power fades  The irony of time: the archaeology of inequality  Homeless people and their “stuff”

The Project: Restoration of Hillside Retaining Walls and Fixing Drainage Problems  Drainage issues & damage  Big cistern upslope  Nothing lasts forever  Doing Archaeology before restoration  Why do archaeology?  Documenting construction methods  Documenting current condition of walls  Documenting material culture

Drainage Issues The problem starts at the cistern and ends up at the retaining walls downslope.

The Cause? The Big Cistern

Damage

Doing Hillside Archaeology  UM Practicum in Archaeology –Spring 2003 –15 students –Prof. Fred Cooper  Continued excavations through late July  Monitored construction until late November

Getting Some Background

Training Students  Documentation methods –Note taking –Photography  Mapping  Excavation techniques –Shovels, trowels, and screens

Why do archaeology? Archaeology can tell us what the received wisdom of oral tradition and documents can’t. Buried Walls & Structural Puzzles Greenhouse walls?

Artifacts from the Buried Wall A shovel blade and flower pot fragments give a clue about what the buried walls are from.

Documentary Clues 1903 Sanborn Insurance Map Cass Gilbert Greenhouse Specifications

Greenhouse Artifacts in Use Notice the tan and terra cots flowerpots in the lower left.

A sophisticated drainage and watering system The Hillside Cistern Complex

The Upper Garden Cistern

The Lower Garden Cistern

The Mushroom Cave

Wall Construction

Other Fun Artifacts 1900 S Barber Dime from a test unit near this spot Did it fall from a pocket?

Previously Unknown Structures

The Archaeology of Homelessness: The Paradoxes of Capitalism The gardens of the ‘Empire Builder of the Northwest’ became a decades-long sanctuary for the homeless who left behind their own material culture.